Bacteria

• Bacteria : no membrane bound organelles
• Bacteria have a nuclear material that is free in the cytoplasm
• Glycocalyx - A coating or layer of molecules external to the cell wall. It serves protective, adhesive, and receptor functions
• Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid -The site where the Large DNA molecule is condensed into a packet. DNA is the code that directs all genetics and heredity of the cell.
• Pilus - An elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other cells and in cell adhesion
• Mesosome -An extension of the cell membrane that folds into the cytoplasm and increases surface area
• Flagellum - Specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long rotating filament The movement pushes the cell forward and provides motility.
• Fimbriae - Fine, hairlike bristles from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other cells and surfaces
• Inclusion or Granule - Stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed.
• Cell wall -A semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the cell.
• Cell membrane - A thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool.
• Ribosomes -Tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis
• Bacterial cells are capable of carrying out all necessary life activities : Reproduction, Metabolism and Nutrient Processing
• Bacteria can also act as a group : Colonies or Biofilms
• Average size of a bacteria is 1 μm
• · Nanobacteria Size is 0.05 to 0.2 μm
• Cocci are spheres, oval, bean-shaped, pointed.
• Bacilli are rod-shaped, cylindrical, filamentous, club-shaped.
• Spirals are curved
• Pleomorphism is Variations in size and shape among cells of a single species
• An example of Diplococci is Streptococcus pneumoniae
• An example of Streptococci is Streptococcus pyogenes
• An example of Staphylococci is Staphylococcus aureus
• An example of Sarcina is Sarcina ventriculi
• An example of a chain of bacilli is Bacillus anthracis
• An example of flagellate rods is Salmonella typhi
• An example of a spore former is a Clostridium botulinum
• An example of vibrios is a Vibrio cholerae
• An example of a spirilla is a Helicobacter pylori
• An example of spirochaetes is a Treponema pallidum
• Mycoplasma or Mycoplasmata is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall around their cell membranes.
• Mycoplasmas characteristics makes them naturally resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis