(hot response to infection) 2nd sem, prelim

• Study of immune system & immune response

  Immunology
• Substance that is capable of inducing immune response

  Immunogen
• Substance that is recognized by a particular antibody

  Antigen
• Known as resistance; ability to guard against disease

  Immunity
• Lack of immunity is called?

  Susceptibility
• What are the two types of immunity?

  Innate and Adaptive
• What is Innate immunity (Natural immunity)?

  Basic resistance to disease that an individual is born with
• Response is in place before foreign challenge (antigen) presents

  Innate immunity
• What is Adaptive immunity (after exposed to antigen)?

  Protection develops more slowly (days)
• Resulting products effective only against the specific antigen

  Adaptive immunity
• Abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is unable to carry out usual functions

  Disease
• defined as pathogenic microorganisms invading the body

  Infection
• The relation between the indigenous flora and the host

  Symbiosis
• a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits from the other without harming it

  Commensalism
• Form of symbiosis in w/c both organisms benefit from the relationship

  Mutualism
• a connection in which one organism benefits from another while also harming it.

  Parasitism
• An organism that invades & causes damage or injury to the host

  Pathogen
• • Refers to an organism's ability to cause disease.

  Pathogenicity
• defined as the presence of organisms outside of the body, such as those found in water, food, and other biological substances

  Contamination
• three mechanisms by which bacteria induce illness

  mechanical (invasion), chemical (toxin production), and immunological
• Study of where and when diseases occur 

  Epidemiology
• Study of disease

  Pathology
• Study of the cause of a disease

  Etiology
• Development of disease

  Pathogenesis
• • Colonization of the body by pathogens

  Infection
• An abnormal state in which the body is not functionally normally

  Disease
• A medical doctor who is trained to identify and treat diseases

  Epidemiologist
• He mapped the occurrence of cholera in London

  John Snow 1848-1849 
• Showed the hand washing decreased the incidence of puerperal fever

  Ignaz Semmelweis 1846-1848
• Showed that improved sanitation decreased the incidence of epidemic typhus

  Florence Nightingale 1858
• Substances that contribute to pathogenicity

  Toxin
• Ability to produce a toxin

  Toxigenicity
• Presence of toxin the host's blood

  Toxemia
• Inactivated toxin used in a vaccine

  Toxoid
• Antibodies against a specific toxin

  Antitoxin
• Two types of toxins

  Exotoxin

  Endotoxin
• Bacteria in human colon

  Mutualism
• Tapeworm in human intestine


  Commensalism
• Tuberculosis bacteria in human lung

  Parasitism
• used to prove the cause of an infectious disease

  Koch’s Postulates