adenoviridae

• What is the family classification of adenoviruses?

  Family Adenoviridae
• What type of virus are adenoviruses?

  Non-enveloped, icosahedral viruses
• What is the genome structure of adenoviruses?

  Linear double-stranded DNA
• What is the approximate genome size of adenoviruses?

  ~25–48 kb
• What is the diameter of the adenovirus capsid?

  ~90 nm
• In which genus are human adenoviruses classified?

  Genus Mastadenovirus
• How are adenovirus serotypes grouped?

  Grouped into species A–G
• Which adenovirus species is commonly associated with respiratory infections in children?

  Species C
• What type of diseases can adenoviruses cause?

  Wide spectrum of diseases
• What are the common diseases caused by adenoviruses?

  • Respiratory tract infections (pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia)
  • Conjunctivitis (pharyngoconjunctival fever, keratoconjunctivitis)
  • Gastrointestinal disease (acute diarrhea)
  • Hemorrhagic cystitis
  • Rarely myocarditis or meningoencephalitis
• What is a common cause of conjunctivitis linked to adenoviruses?

  Pharyngoconjunctival fever by Ad3
• Which adenovirus types are associated with gastrointestinal disease?

  Ad F40/41
• What is a rare complication of adenovirus infection in immunocompromised individuals?

  Myocarditis or meningoencephalitis
• In what settings do adenovirus outbreaks commonly occur?

  Closed settings like military or daycare
• Which adenovirus serotypes are preventable by vaccine?

  Ad4 and Ad7
• What recent health issue has been linked to adenovirus type 41?

  Pediatric acute hepatitis outbreaks
• What types of clinical samples are used for adenovirus diagnosis?

  Respiratory swabs, conjunctival scrapings, stool
• What is the primary method for adenovirus detection in clinical samples?

  PCR (NAAT)
• What is the limitation of antigen detection methods for adenoviruses?

  Less sensitive than PCR
• In which cell types does adenovirus grow readily in culture?

  A549 or HEp-2 cells
• What is the mainstay of treatment for adenovirus infections?

  Supportive care
• What off-label drug has been used for severe adenoviral pneumonia?

  Cidofovir
• What is the purpose of live oral vaccines for Ad4 and Ad7?

  Prevent respiratory outbreaks
• How can adenoviruses be disinfected on surfaces?

  Using chlorine or virucidal agents
• What special use do some adenovirus types have in medicine?

  Used as vectors for vaccines
• What are the infection control measures for adenoviruses?

  • Hand hygiene
  • Isolate infected patients
  • Use standard/contact precautions
  • Disinfect surfaces with chlorine or virucidal agents
• What are the characteristics of adenovirus morphology?

  • Non-enveloped icosahedral capsid (~90–100 nm)
  • 12 pentons with fiber proteins
  • Capsid composed of hexon and penton proteins
  • Fibers mediate receptor binding
  • Genome encodes ~30–40 proteins