SCIENCE 10 1ST LE

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Created by
Pat Robiene

Cards (25)

  • The Copernican Model

    • Sun was at the center of the universe and the planets revolved around it
    • Held to “contradict” the Bible
    • During this time, the bible was written by people who believed that the earth was flat
  • J.J Thompson Plum Pudding Model


  • "The Grand Design": 'offers an overview of the latest scientific theories and discoveries, providing insights into the mysteries of the cosmos'
  • Nature of Reality
    • CLASSICAL SCIENCE: All things that are visible to the naked eye is part of the physical world
    • MODERN SCIENCE: Uses models or representations to define things that are part of the physical world
  • Stephen Hawking: 'made significant contributions to our understanding of the physical world'
  • Why do we need to study the Physical World?
    • Correct the misuse of technological advancements
    • Communicate science in a way that everyone can understand
    • Inspire interest in further exploring and investigating the physical world
  • How do we study the physical world?
    1. Temporal Scale
    2. Spatial Scale
  • Good Model

    • Elegant
    • Contains a few arbitrary or adjustable elements
    • Agrees with and explains all existing observations
    • Makes detailed predictions about future observations that can disprove or falsify the model if they are not borne out
  • The Ptolemaic Universe

    • Viewed the earth as a motionless sphere positioned at the center of the universe
    • The earth was negligibly small compared to the distance of the heavens
    • Planets and stars moved around the earth
  • Which of the two models is correct? Depends on the point of reference
  • "The Grand Design": 'explores the fundamental laws that govern the universe'
  • Quarks Model
    1. Explains the protons and neutrons inside the nucleus
    2. Cannot be observed visually because of increasing binding force upon separation
    3. Always exist in groups of three (protons and neutrons) or in pairs (quark and anti-quarks)
    4. Agrees with our observations of how sub-nuclear particles behave
  • Model-dependent Realism

    • It is pointless to ask whether a model is real, only whether it agrees with an observation
    • Corresponds to the way we perceive things
    • Solves or at least avoids the meaning of existence
  • Stephen Hawking: 'a renowned physicist and cosmologist'
    1. Theory

    1. Theory 1
    2. Theory 3
    3. Theory 2
  • The Scientific Method
    1. Gather facts
    2. Observe to identify laws
    3. Formulate Hypothesis
    4. Test hypothesis against facts
    5. Predict new facts and further tests
    6. Formulate theory
    7. Elaborate and apply theory
  • Red Shift

    The process of stretching wavelengths of light as the universe expands
  • The first form of life appeared after the solar system formation and the cooling down of Earth
  • Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)

    Proved the existence of other galaxies outside the Milky Way. Took photos of Cepheid variable stars and compared the degrees of luminosity. Able to estimate the distance of the Andromeda galaxy from the Milky way. Galaxies were made up of hundreds of billions of stars. Studied the movement of other galaxies by observing the wavelength light
  • Stars and galaxies are made up of hydrogen and helium
  • Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relationship

    A Cepheid’s pulses timing or period correlates with its inherent brightness. Longer pulse rate = More luminous star. Farther objects look dimmer
  • Topics in Module 2
    • Composition
    • Origin and Evolution of the Physical World
    • Science 10: Probing the Physical World
    • CMB
    • Cosmic Microwave Background
    • Nucleosynthesis
    • Stars and Galaxy Formation
    • Age of the Universe
    • Cosmic Evolution
    • Cosmic Expansion
    • BIG BANG THEORY
    • CONTINUOUSLY EXPANDING
    • RED SHIFT
    • COSMIC EXPANSION
    • HUBBLE’S LAW
    • EDWIN HUBBLE (1889-1953)
    • CEPHEID PERIOD-LUMINOSITY RELATIONSHIP
    • AVERAGE BRIGHTNESS
    • COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
    • VOLUME
    • TEMPERATURE
    • ARNO PENZIAS (1933)
    • ROBERT WILSON (1936)
    • HOLMDEL HORN ANTENNA
    • HOW WAS THE CMB DISCOVERED?
    • STARS AND GALAXIES
    • HYDROGEN NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
    • HELIUM
    • 13.8 BILLION YEARS OLD
    • FIRST FORM OF LIFE
    • SOLAR SYSTEM FORMATION
    • COOLING DOWN OF EARTH
    • THE STANDARD MODEL
    • FERMIONS
    • PARTICLE CLASSIFICATION
    • BOSONS
    • QUARKS (protons, neutrons)
    • Electromagnetism
    • Nuclear Force
    • LEPTONS (electrons, neutrinos)
  • The Standard Model includes fermions, bosons, quarks (protons, neutrons), and leptons (electrons, neutrinos)
  • Cosmic Microwave Background

    Discovered by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson. Won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978 for their discovery. Detected using the Holmdel Horn Antenna located at Bell Telephone Laboratories, New Jersey. Initially intended for detecting gas emissions in the Milky way. The antenna is pointed to an empty patch of sky. They observed a huge amount of noise which they thought was a problem in the system which later on was discovered to be the Cosmic Microwave Background
  • The age of the universe is 13.8 billion years old