INDG 100 Midterm

• Dense rain forests in what is called British Columbia made it a prime place for hunting animals like deer: False
• Métis are the most likely Indigenous group to live in an urban community; nearly two-thirds of the population lived in a city in 2016: True
• In 2016, more than 1.6 million people identified as Indigenous in Canada: True
• The buffalo was focused on, potentially, more than any other animal in North America because Indigenous peoples produced a variety of items from its what? Organs, hide, bone. They used all parts of the buffalo.
• Kaska Dena are a Dene-speaking people who live in southern Yukon and northern British Columbia.
• Central Coast Salish historically occupied and continue to reside in territories around the Lower Fraser Valley and on southeast Vancouver Island in Canada.
• Cree are the most populous and widely distributed Indigenous peoples in Canada.
• Yellowknife Dene are a band of the Athapaskan-speaking Dene associated with the region encompassed by the Coppermine and Yellowknife rivers, the northeast shore of Great Slave Lake, and northeast into the Barren Grounds.
• Kainai and Piikani and Siksika are the three nations that make up the Blackfoot Confederacy.
• Dene is also known as Chipewyan.
• What does Raven turn into in order to get to the light? A leaf.
• The Creator gave life into the four corners of the universe of time and the heavens were born, the stars and everything else.
• The Seven Disciplines that First Nations sages say are the tools necessary to complete your journey are: fasting, sharing, parenting, teaching, learning, praying, and meditation.
• Creator is both man and woman: True
• By the end of the 1960s, there are Métis organizations in these provinces in Canada: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario.
• French voyageurs in the western part of Canada needed to band together. Many of these men married First Nations women: True
• The Provisional government was established in Batoche in the year 1885.
• The Freemen and North Westers, were the voyageurs: True
• Being free was an identity that would embed itself deeply in the Metis Nation: True
• The North West Company was a Scottish company, manned by French Canadians and founded in 1783
• Gabriel Dumont played what role in the Riel Rebellions? He was the military advisor.
• These were events that led to the Battle of Seven Oaks: banning hunting on horseback and prohibiting the export of pemmican from the Red River.
• Louis Riel was executed for the crime of treason.
• In what year are the Métis are recognized as one of Canada's three Aboriginal peoples: 1982
• Despite an official written text promoted by the government of Canada as the authoritative version, there was not a shared understanding of what First Nations leaders and the Queen’s representatives discussed and actually agreed to: True
• In Saskatchewan in the 1870’s, First Nations leaders sought the treaties in part due to overhunting buffalo by settlers, decline in fur trade economies, and increasing European settlement in First Nations traditional territory.
• The Elders describe the oral tradition as rigorous and disciplined. It is a tradition which emphasizes accuracy and procedure protocols.
• Europeans believed that all types of societies were equal: False
• According to the elders, the Creator established various types of relationships including blood relatives, relatives by marriage, and relatives through traditional adoption. The principles of good relations included newcomers and other First Nations: True
• When it came to building alliances, First Nations all had different approaches, with some based on class systems, and some based on the monarchy: False
• When it came to building alliances, First Nations had a common approach, modeled on the family unit: True
• First Nations maintained alliances by arranged marriages and exchange of gifts.
• For First Nations, allies or allied Nations assumed roles based on commerce and exchange of money. False
• Even though they may be allies with another Nation, First Nations did not usually travel or trade in the territories of their allies, as this could be viewed as an aggressive act: False
• The British North America in 1763 set up the process for settlers to buy lands from Indians: False
• The Robinson Superior and Robinson Huron Treaties of the year 1850 provided this First Nation - Ojibway with a share of revenues from the exploitation of resources in their territories.
• Treaties 1, 2, and 3 were concluded in the year 1873 with the Cree and Ojibway of Manitoba and northwestern Ontario. The text of Treaty 2 and subsequent treaties added that First Nations were to obey the law.
• For the Crown, a big reason for signing Treaty 5, was to secure access for steamboats on Lake Winnipeg.
• The Dominion acquired Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company without the knowledge of the First Nations.
• First Nations were grateful that the HBC had sold their lands to the Dominion as the HBC offered to give them money and unlimited access to trapping on these lands: False