Chapter 7 84A

• Valence electrons


  Electrons in the outermost energy level
• Anion


  Negatively charged ion
• Atoms of non-metals tend to gain electrons or to share electrons with another non-metal to achieve a complete octet
• Aluminum ion

  Aluminum loses three electrons to form an ion
• Lewis Dot Diagram

  • Potassium
  • Carbon
  • Magnesium
  • Oxygen
• Cation


  Positively charged ion
• Atoms of metals tend to lose their valence electrons leaving a complete octet in the next lowest energy level
• Elements

  • Potassium
  • Carbon
  • Magnesium
  • Oxygen
• Number of valence electrons

  • Potassium (1)
  • Carbon (4)
  • Magnesium (2)
  • Oxygen (c) (2-6)
• Ions

  • Potassium cation
  • Zinc cation
  • Fluorine anion
  • Aluminum ion
• Number of electrons gained or lost

  • Potassium (1)
  • Fluorine (7)
  • Aluminum (3)
  • Oxygen (2)