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• Ring of Fire


  • Caused by the movement and collision of tectonic plates
• Ring of Fire


  A horseshoe-shaped belt of intense volcanic activity and frequent earthquakes that encircles the edges of the Pacific Ocean
• Base


  The lowest part of a volcano
• Cone

  Hill-shaped formation that forms around a volcano
• Ring of Fire

  • Approximately 75% of the world's active volcanoes
• Vent

  Opening in the Earth's crust from which ash, and hot gases are emitted during an eruption
• Lava


  Hot materials that erupt from a volcano and reach the Earth's surface
• Slope

  The sides or flanks of a volcano that radiate from the main vent
• Summit


  The highest point of a volcano
• Vent


  Passage for magma flowing up during a volcanic eruption
• Gases are released by an erupting volcano in the form of water vapour
• Cratez

  Mouth or opening of a volcano
• Chamber


  Where magma is collected when the volcano is not yet going to erupt
• Volcanic ash


  The most abundant and simplest type of tephra-particles and fragmentas, composed entirely of fine volcanic glass fragments
• Volcanic glass


  Formed when magma or lava cools rapidly, preventing the formation of crystals
• Caldera


  A large volcanic crater, especially one formed by a major eruption
• 1783-1784


  TEPHER-PARTICLES AND FRAGMENAS EJECTED BY A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
• Strombolian volcano


  A type of volcano that erupts frequently, producing fountains of lava and volcanic bombs
• Shield volcano

  A volcano with a broad, gently sloping cone, built up entirely of fluid lava flows
• Caldera


  A large, depression-like volcanic feature formed by the collapse of a volcano's summit or flanks
• Pyroclastic rock fragments and gases


  Erupted by a volcano
• Mafic magma


  Magma that is low in silica and has a low viscosity, making it prone to effusive eruptions
• Types of volcanic particles and fragments

  • Tephra-particles and fragmentas
  • Pyroclastic rock fragments and gases
  • Lava flows
• Phreatic eruption


  An eruption caused by the interaction of water with hot rock or magma, resulting in the explosive release of steam and volcanic fragments
• Silicic magma


  Magma that is high in silica and has a high viscosity, making it prone to explosive eruptions
• Cinder cone volcano

  A small volcano built up of loose volcanic fragments, usually cinders, that accumulate around a central vent
• Types of tephra-particles and fragmentas

  • Volcanic ash
  • Volcanic lapilli
  • Volcanic bombs
  • Volcanic blocks
• Magma

  Molten materials beneath the Earth's crust
• Magmatic eruption

  An eruption caused by the rapid decompression of gas-rich magma, resulting in the explosive release of volcanic fragments and gases
• Volcano


  Formed when hot molten rocks, ash, and gas escape from openings in the Earth's surface
• Volcano


  • Base - the lowest supporting layer
  • Summit - the highest point
  • Slope - the sides or flanks that radiate from the main or central vent
  • Vent - passage for molten flowing out or volcanic eruptions
  • Crater - mouth or opening
• Magma chamber


  Where magma is collected and is not yet going to erupt
• Volcanic features


  • Ash
  • Ash cloud
  • Throat
  • Conduit
  • Sill
  • Dike
• Types of volcanic eruptions

  • Phreatic eruption - water/steam heat from the Earth's interior
  • Strombolian eruption - fountain-like
  • Vulcanian eruption - explosive true eruption
  • Plinian eruption - excessively explosive
• Geothermal energy


  Energy source from the Earth's internal heat
• Volcano types


  • Shield volcano
  • Composite volcano
  • Cinder cone
• Active volcano has had at least one record of eruption during the past 10,000 years
• Dormant volcano has no record of eruption for more than 10,000 years
• Volcanic eruptions can release gas, ash, and molten rock onto the Earth's surface
• Weather is affected by volcanic eruptions through the movement of air and water vapour