Save
milk secretion
lecture 1
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Learn
Created by
Arrogant Salt363
Visit profile
Cards (47)
how many breeds of dairy cattle are there?
5
cows produce about how many pounds of milk per day; what is the composition of this
100
;
88
% water,
3-3.5
% protein,
5%
lactose, and
4-5
% fat
heifer
animal that has never given birth
nulliparous
heifer
never given birth and is not pregnant
primigravid
heifer
one pregnancy, never birthed yet
replacement
heifer
cow chosen to birth a calf over another
primiparous
cow
one birth, first lactation
multiparous
cow
2+ births and lactations
freshen
just gave birth
pre-fresh
immediately after birth
transition
cow
3 weeks
prior
and
3
weeks
post
birth (
6
weeks total)
colostrum
first milk after birth; high in
protein
,
fat
, and
antibodies
milk
complete
lacteal
secretion
mastitis
disease of udder;
inflammation
of mammary gland
parity
how many births; 2nd parity =
2
births
TMR
total
mixed
ration
; all
nutrients
in one feed
quarter/gland
udder has
4
separate
glands
, one associated with each
udder
dam
mother
total gestation of calf
9.2
months or
283
days
once born, the calf is fed...
colostrum
in the U.S...
it is typical to
separate
the
calf
from the
dam
calves are placed in...
hutches
; either
individually
or in
groups
calves are given
vaccinations
to keep them
healthy
how much weight do calves gain per day
about
1
kilo or
2
pounds per day for
3
months
calves are either
bucket
or
bottle
fed for 2 months, when they are then
weened
to
solid
foods
calf rearing consists of continued
vaccination
,
weaning
,
dehorning
, and observation for possible
diseases
(
respiratory
,
scours
, and
ostitis
)
dehorning
most calves have
genes
for horns; at about
4
weeks old, the buds are
burned
to form a
fissure
puberty in calves is dependent on
body
weight
puberty starts at around
50-55
% of mature body weight; around
8-10
months
in puberty, the ovaries become
active
, and the cow exhibits
estrus
or
heat
in puberty, it is important to think about
timed
AI
programs
, which sync
heat
cycles
among all cows to allow
group
breeding
cows go into heat every
21
days
breeding can occur at
60
% mature body weight
once bred, it is important to still
monitor
the cow as they are still
growing
; pay attention to
weight
,
hygiene
, and
BCS
during calving/parturition/freshening, it is crucial to watch for
dystocia
dystocia is the
rough
calving
or
complications
during birth
parturition is the
initiation
of
lactation
(
colostrum
and
milk
)
colostrum lasts for the first
1-2
milkings
milk demands calories from
body
and the
diet
negative energy balance
lose
weight because of the need of
abundant
nutrients; can create
metabolic
diseases
See all 47 cards