Cards (22)

  • What does the two process model explain about phobias?
    It explains how phobias are maintained over time
  • Why is exposure to the feared stimulus important in therapy?
    It prevents reinforcement of avoidance behavior
  • What happens to avoidance behavior when it is not practiced?
    It ceases to be reinforced and declines
  • What is a strength of the two process model?
    Its application to therapy for phobias
  • What is an alternative motivation for avoidance behavior in phobias?
    Positive feelings of safety
  • How does agoraphobia challenge the two process model?
    It shows avoidance may not be anxiety-driven
  • What does Bounton argue about evolutionary factors in phobias?
    They play an important role in phobia development
  • What term did Seligman use to describe the predisposition to acquire certain fears?
    Biological preparedness
  • What is a limitation of the two process model regarding phobias?
    It does not account for evolutionary factors
  • How can phobias develop without trauma?
    Through observation and vicarious reinforcement
  • Who conducted research related to agoraphobia and avoidance behavior?
    Buck (2010)
  • What does the two process model fail to explain about phobias?
    Phobias can develop without prior bad experiences
  • What cognitive element is missing from the two process model?
    The role of thought processes in behavior
  • Why is the two process model considered limited?
    It cannot fully explain phobia development
  • What was the neutral stimulus in Albert's conditioning experiment?
    A white rat
  • What was the unconditioned stimulus in Albert's experiment?
    A loud noise
  • What was the conditioned response in Albert's experiment?
    Fear of the white rat
  • What does generalization mean in the context of Albert's conditioning?
    Fear extends to similar objects
  • How does operant conditioning maintain phobias?
    It reinforces avoidance behavior through fear escape
  • What did Mowrer suggest about avoidance behavior and phobias?
    It negatively reinforces the avoidance behavior
  • What happens to responses acquired by classical conditioning over time?
    They usually decline without reinforcement
  • Who explained the maintenance of phobias through operant conditioning?
    Mowrer