joint movements

• flexion


  decreased angle between articulating bones
• extension


  increased angle between articulating bones
• abduction


  movement away from the midline of the body
• adduction


  movement of a body part towards the midline of the body
• medial rotation


  bone moves around central axis towards the midline
• lateral rotation


  bone moves around the central axis away from the midline
• supination


  forearm rotates, turning palm up

  radius and ulnar parallel
• pronation


  forearm rotates, turning palm down

  radius and ulnar crossed
• plantarflexion


  toes pointed downwards
• dorsiflexion


  toes pointed towards tibia
• inversion


  sole of foot turned inwards towards midline
• eversion


  sole of foot turned outwards away from midline
• circumduction


  limb moves in a circular motion