paper 3 small qs→

• what are DeLisi's studys

  comp games: corelation 227 of juvenile offenders with a history of hitting a teacher using structured interviews

  813 juvenille delinquents (eval) in Cali, brought neg dispositional features. more likely to engage in sexual misconduct and physical violence, brought to att by parole board
• What did siever find?

  Damage to pfc is linked with excessive aggression
• Who said that testosterone plays a role in dominance, competition and anti-social beh?

  Mazur & Booth
• what did Coccaro et al find?

  CR for physical assult is 50% MZ and 19% DZ
• how many adoptions did Hutchings review?

  14000
• correlation Hutchings found

  positive correlation between number of convitions for criminal violence in bio parents especially fathers and sons who had been adopted
• what is the candidate gene for aggression

  MAOA
• What is reductionism based on

  Parsimony- all phenomena should be explained by using the most basic of principles
• What other two different versions of determinism

  soft and hard
• What are the different types of determinism

  biological, Environmental, psychic
• Who said that Freud's theory see women as inferior as they are jealous of men's penises and cannot go through gender development as well as undo

  Josselson
• beta bias ignores minimises or underestimates differences between men and women. Often occurs when female participants are not included research findings assumed to apply them regardless leading to misunderstanding
• An example we use for beta bias

  Fight or flight research, usually conducted on male animals and assume that the the same is true for females. This is proven not to be the case females show tend/ befriend responses
• What is the consequence of beta bias

  Androcentricism#
• What is androcentric

  Understanding of what is considered 'normal' is drawn from research from all male samples .behaviour that deviates from the standard is judged as abnormal which leads to female behaviour being misunderstood and pathologized As it is taken as a sign of psychological instability or disorder
• Kohlberg's theory of moral development

  Androcentric as it was developed using men as participants and claimed that women are less morally developed than men
• Who produced the contrasting research against Kohlberg's theory of moral development

  Gilligan
• What did Gilligan do

  Drew up her own moral development research which concluded that male and female moralities are different One isn't more moral than the other.

  male are justice oriented and female are care oriented
• What did rosenthal find

  Male experimenters more pleasant and encouraging to female participants than male .Males appeared to perform less well on the tasks assigned
• Who created the criteria to avoid gender bias

  Worrell
• Who came up with the concept of soft determinism

  William James
• When you think of soft determinism think of slt
• behaviour has been shaped by environment As well as what?(environmental determinism)

  agents of socialisation (Parents teachers ETC)
• Why is determinism consistent with the aims of science

  1. Predict the impact of events on human behaviour develop a specific cause and effect relationship
  2. Development of treatments that help with abnormal behaviour for example depression is serotonin balance lead to SSRIs which corrects such imbalance
• What is hard determinism unfalsifiable

  1. Based on that all behaviour has a cause even when it has not been discovered may not be a scientific due to insistence on unproven causes of behaviour
  2. The claim is impossible to prove wrong for concepts which cannot be scientifically tested
  3. Karl Popper, Unfalsifiable claims are not consistent with the pillars of science. Undermines Determinism and validity
• Baillargeon research

  VOE, Protuberance, PRS
• How long did The children look at unexpected events

  33.07 seconds
• How long did the children look at expected events

  25.11 seconds
• What does a longer stare time equate to

  Surprise of unexpected event
• what was the reaction of 9.5 months in the protuberance study

  Surprise when the cover was removed and nothing under it. Did not show surprise on the objects revealed was smaller
• What did 12.5 months old children do when the cover was removed

  Surprise in the mismatch- Understanding becomes sophisticated with age
• Who says we are born with object persistence

  Baillargeon
• What did Pei et al find

  Distance perception is innate, Infants gives crude patterns to judge distance at an early age which eventually helps them to tell the difference between textures visually
• What did Bremner say

  Piaget may have been right, not just react but understand the changes
• What might it be other than understanding that the event is impossible or possible that the infant are staring longer

  they find the colour/ movement more interesting in impossible events
• restraint theory of obesity 


  Attempting to suppress or deny a thought has the opposite effect and makes it prominent
• Who develops the restraint theory of obesity

  Herman and Mack
• Restraint of eating is what

  Counter productive and self defeating
• What are the two different types of restraints

  Flexible and rigid
• Research shows that rigid restraint is correlated with what

  Positively correlated with amounts of body fat and waist circumference