Cardiovascular 2

• Blood is a connective tissue
• Blood


  • Has cells and an extracellular matrix
• Cell parts of the blood are also called formed elements
• Formed elements of the blood


  • RBCs
  • WBCs
  • Platelets
• Blood can help distribute heat
• Plasma

  The extracellular matrix of blood
• Nutrients are transported throughout the body after they are collected from the liver and transported into the blood
• Cellular waste is transported to the kidneys and excreted as urine and bile
• Blood can control water and pH level in cells and tissues
• The heaviest part of the blood is RBCs
• Blood controls temperature

  via a negative feedback loop where warmer blood is pushed more outward to cool down and colder blood is diverted more to the core to keep warm
• The volume of RBCs at centrifugation is packed cell volume or PCV
• Female hematocrit is 37 %to 47 %
• Male hematocrit is 42% to 52%
• Plasma percentage is an average of 59% for females
• Plasma percentage is an average of 53% for males
• Hematocrit


  Percentage of blood sample made up of RBCs
• Polycythemia is excess hematocrit
• Components of a buffy coat

  • Leukocytes
  • Platelets
• Viscosity

  Liquid's resistance to flow
• Older people have a higher blood temperature due to increased friction their blood vessels cause to the blood
• The shade of blood changes based on its oxygen saturation
• Blood is 5 times more viscous than water
• The normal blood pH range is 7.35 to 7.45
• Males have 5 to 6 L of blood
• Females have 4 to 5 L of blood
• 7% of plasma is made up of plasma proteins
• Types of proteins in plasma

  • Albumins
  • Globulins
  • Fibrinogens
• Blood is 92% water
• Hormones bind to albumin
• Albumin

  Used for oncotic pressure and transport of hormones
• 54% of plasma proteins are albumin
• Gamma globulins are immunoglobulins
• Alpha and beta globulins transport iron, lipids, and lipid-soluble vitamins
• Types of globulins in the blood

  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma globulins
• Fibrinogen is a clotting factor
• All plasma proteins except immunoglobulins are produced in the liver
• Phlebotomists are trained to draw blood
• Hematopoiesis occurs in cranial, pelvic, vertebrae, sternum, femur, humerus
• Epiphysis is the rounded end of a bone