Nephrotoxicity

• Target GABA
• Examples of SSRIs - Fluoxetine (Prozac), Fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft)
• Blocks the postsynaptic Strychnos nux vomica & S. ignatii trees, blocking effects of BOPA as well as inhibiting its release & increasing movements in CNS
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Stereotypical sawhorse stance & lockjaw
• Chlorpromazine
• Avermectins overdose leads to signs of tetanus & strychnine
• Given orally or crushed, mixed with water or saline & administered rectally at 1-1 mg/kg in dogs
• Target glycine
• Excessive blockage may lead to disruption of balance of excitatory & inhibitory neurotransmitters
• Serotonin syndrome in excess - tremors, seizures, hyperthermia, depression, disorientation, vocalization, hyperesthesia, ataxia, tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, vomiting & diarrhea
• Sympathomimetic overdose involves administration of diazepam, barbiturates & methocarbamol
• Target serotonin
• Over-the-counter supplements containing 5-HTP for the treatment of depression in humans
• Lack of glycine inhibition results in unchecked muscle contraction of muscles of limbs & masseter muscles
• Anticonvulsant benzodiazepines & barbiturates stimulate GABA receptors
• In overdose, extreme muscle rigidity, respiratory depression, hypoxia, hypothermia & death may occur
• Anxiety, apprehension, nervousness & tachypnea
• Extreme supportive care in comatose patients
• Tetanospasmin - biotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani, ataxia, CNS depression, recumbency, disorientation, mydriasis, apparent blindness, muscle tremors, seizures, respiratory depression
• Phenothiazine tranquilizers, such as acepromazine, strychnine - alkaloid derived from Strychnos nux vomica & S. ignatii trees
• Blocks effects of a adrenergic & cholinergic acting, extreme muscle rigidity occurs & can progress to seizures within 10-120 min
• Accidental overdose common, resulting in death due to hypoxia as a result of contracture of diaphragm muscles & abdominal & intercostal
• Assisted ventilation, repeated doses of activated charcoal