research methods

• counterbalancing

  used in repeated measures to control order effects

  half the participants complete conditions in one order, other half complete in other order
• independant groups

  allocated to different groups

  each group represents an experimental condition

  group 1 is condition A

  group 2 is condition B
• matched pairs

  pairs of participants are matched in terms of variables relevant to the study

  one member of the pair does condition A

  one member does condition B
• order effects

  in a repeated measures design

  an extraneous variable arises from the order that the conditions are presented
• repeated measures

  all participants take part in all conditions
• interobserver reliability

  is an agreement between two or more observers involved in observations of a behaviour