We infer it is raining when we see someone with an open umbrella
We infer people are thirsty if they ask for a glass of water
We infer that evidence in a text is authoritative when it is attributed to a scholar in the field
Checklist in analyzing the validity of a generalization
1. Is it supported by several facts and examples from experiences?
2. How did the facts and examples from experiences support the generalization?
3. Is it applicable to all the people/object involved in the statement?
4. Does it use logic and reasoning? How did use logic and reasoning in making generalizations?
Good Generalizations
Statements that are true, supported by facts, use logic and reasoning, and proven with several examples
Examples of Generalizations
It is never a good idea to drink coffee after noontime
Cooking isn’t difficult; all you need are the right ingredients
The customer is always right
Many children eat cereal for breakfast
Generalizations are not entirely true because there may be examples where they do not apply
Bad Generalizations
Statements poorly supported by facts, usually containing keywords like all, no, none, everyone, nobody, always, never, and proven false if there is just a single exception
We engage in inference every day, interpreting actions as examples of behavior characteristics, intents, or expressions of particular feelings
We seek purposes and reasons by going beyond specific remarks to the underlying significance or broader meaning
Generalization
A broad statement or an idea that applies to a group of people or things
Inference
The act or process of reaching a conclusion about something from known facts or evidence
