[2b] Penetration and Uncoating (Non-enveloped)

• Methods for entering the cell:

  1. Directly injected (plasma membrane or endosome)
  2. Nucleic acid directed elsewhere aside from cytoplasm
• Ejection via tail tube:

  1. Tail portion binds with receptor, causing conformational change
  2. Allows piercing of cell membrane and cell wall of bacteria
  3. Injection of viral genome from capsid into cytoplasm
  4. Only nucleic acid enters the cell
• Pore-mediated penetration:

  1. Formed by piercing plasma or endosomal membrane
  2. Advantageous for icosahedral viruses
  3. Allows genomic material to enter host cell
• Permeabilization of host membrane:

  1. True for endosomal membranes
  2. Lysing or melting of the cell membrane
  3. Permeabilization of endosome
  4. Can either be in golgi complex or endoplasmic reticulum