basta modyul 3

• Dynamic markings like crescendo and decrescendo indicate changes in volume during a song
• Dynamic markings are crucial for expressing the softness and loudness of music
• Dynamic markings

  1. crescendo

  2. decrescendo
• Dynamic markings include piano, mezzo piano, pianissimo, forte, mezzo forte, and fortissimo
• Dynamic markings help in singing songs with soft level dynamics and varied dynamics in performances
• Dynamic markings are placed under (or nearby) a note or beneath a musical staff for instrumental parts
• Dynamics indicate how loud or soft the music should be sung or played. It can also be a gradual or sudden change of volume
• Composers use dynamics to change the mood of the music
• Italian terms for dynamic levels

  • pianissisimo
  • pianissimo
  • piano
  • mezzo piano
  • mezzo forte
  • forte
  • fortissimo
  • fortissisimo
  • crescendo
  • decrescendo
• To gradually change dynamics

  Use crescendo to increase in volume or decrescendo to decrease in volume
• Main dynamic levels

  p or piano (soft), f or forte (loud), mp or mezzo piano (moderately soft), mf or mezzo forte (moderately loud), pp or pianissimo (very soft), ff or fortissimo (very loud)
• Decrescendo


  Gradually getting soft
• Crescendo


  Gradually getting loud
• Loud dynamics level

  • fff
  • ff
  • f
  • mf
• Soft dynamics level

  • ppp
  • pp
  • p
  • mp
• Decrescendo is the dynamic mark used for singing gradually becoming loud
• Soft voice in singing usually expresses a more positive emotion
• The dynamic marks ppp, pp, p and mp comprise the soft dynamic level
• Soft dynamic level markings

  • piano (p)
  • pianissimo (pp)
  • pianississimo (ppp)
  • mezzo piano (mp)
• Basic dynamic indications

  • p or piano, meaning soft
  • f or forte, meaning "loud"
• Subtle dynamic indications

  • mp, stands for mezzo-piano, meaning "moderately soft
  • mf, stands for mezzo-forte, meaning "moderately loud"
• Use of up to three consecutive f’s or p’s

  • pp, stands for pianissimo and meaning "very soft"
  • ff, stands for fortissimo and meaning "very loud"
  • ppp, stands for pianississimo and meaning “as soft as possible”
  • fff, stands for fortississimo and meaning “as loud as possible”