Periodic trends

• are the tendencies of certain elemental characteristics to increase or decrease as one progresses along a row or column of the periodic table

  Periodic trend
• atomic radius decreases across a period
• electronegativity increases across a period
• ionisation energy increases across a period
• are in the outmost shell of the atom

  Valence Electrons
• are able to interact with other atoms to form chemical bonds

  Valence electrons
• Electron affinity decreases as you go down a group
• is a measure of the size of its atom

  Atomic radius
• may be larger or smaller than the neutral atom, depending on the ions charge

  Ionic radius
• is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from gaseous atoms or ions.

  Ionization energy
• is described as the amount of energy released of an atom when an electron is added to form negative ions

  Electron affinity
• refers to the ability of an atom to attract electron pair towards itself in an chemical bond.

  electron gravitity