vaccines

• What can vaccination prevent in an individual?

  Illness
• What can vaccination prevent in a population?

  The spread of pathogens
• What role do white blood cells play in the immune system?

  They produce antibodies against pathogens
• How do antibodies function against pathogens?

  They stick to pathogens and trigger destruction
• What is introduced into the body during vaccination?

  Dead or inactive forms of pathogens
• Why can't dead or inactive pathogens cause disease?

  They are not capable of causing illness
• What happens to white blood cells after vaccination?

  They produce antibodies and divide by mitosis
• How long can copies of white blood cells remain in the blood?

  Decades
• What occurs if the same pathogen enters the body years later?

  White blood cells produce antibodies quickly
• How do vaccines protect us from infection?

  By stimulating antibody production against pathogens
• What does the graph in the video illustrate about antibodies?

  Antibody levels rise quickly after pathogen invasion
• Why is it important for a large number of people to be vaccinated?

  To protect unvaccinated individuals through herd immunity
• What is herd immunity?

  Protection of unvaccinated individuals by vaccinated ones
• Who might not get vaccinated?

  People new to a country or missing appointments
• How does vaccination work to prevent illness?

  • Introduces dead/inactive pathogens
  • Stimulates white blood cells to produce antibodies
  • White blood cells divide and remain in blood
  • Quick antibody production upon re-exposure
• What are the implications of herd immunity in vaccination programs?

  • Protects unvaccinated individuals
  • Reduces disease spread in the population
  • Requires high vaccination rates for effectiveness