1. Explains how particles in each state of matter behave by considering each particle as a small solid inelastic sphere
2. In solids, there are strong forces of attraction between particles holding them close together in a fixed position forming a regular lattice structure
3. Particles in solids can vibrate around, constantly jostling against one another
4. Heating up a solid causes particles to gain more energy and vibrate even more, weakening the forces between them
5. At the melting point, particles have enough energy to break free of their bonds, causing the solid to melt into a liquid
6. In liquids, there are weak forces of attraction between particles, allowing them to move around and be arranged randomly
7. Particles in liquids tend to stick together and are fairly compact, having a definite volume but a changeable shape
8. Heating up a liquid causes particles to move faster, weakening the forces holding them together
9. At the boiling point, particles have enough energy to break the bonds altogether, causing the liquid to boil or evaporate into a gas
10. In gases, the force of attraction between particles is very weak, allowing them to move around freely
11. Gases do not keep a definite shape or volume and will always fill a container as they spread out
12. Heating up a gas causes particles to travel faster, leading to expansion if the container is expandable or an increase in pressure if the container is fixed
13. Cooling down a gas causes particles to condense into a liquid by forming bonds between them
14. Cooling down the liquid further causes more bonds to form, fixing the particles in place and freezing the liquid into a solid
