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• Swimming can be dated back to this period

  Stone Age
• Swimming evolved as a competitive sport after the construction of artificial public swimming pools

  19th Century
• St. George's Baths


  First public swimming pool, constructed in England in 1828
• British swimming organization was set up as National Swimming Society and was conducting competition in England


  1837
• Swimming was introduced in the Olympic games in Athens as a men's sport. The event is freestyle and breaststroke


  1896
• Backstroke was added in the Olympic game


  1904
• FINA


  World swimming association, introduced in 1908. It is the administrative body recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for competition in swimming and other aquatics sports
• Women's swimming become part of the Olympic at the Stockholm games


  1912
• Breaststrokers discovered that they could go faster by bringing both arms forward over their heads. This practice was immediately forbidden in breaststroke


  1940s
• Birth of butterfly stroke, whose first official appearance was at the 1956 Games in Melbourne. This style is now one of the four strokes used in competition

  1956
• Swimming events at the summer Olympic games all take place in 50 meter pools. Both men and women compete in 17 events
• Swimming events at the summer Olympic games

  • 50m freestyle
  • 100m backstroke
  • 200m butterfly
  • 100m freestyle
  • 200m backstroke
  • 4x200 freestyle relay
  • 200m freestyle
  • 100m breaststroke
  • 4x100 medley relay
  • 400m freestyle
  • 200m breaststroke
  • 200m individual medley
  • 1500m freestyle for MEN
  • marathon 10km
  • 400m individual medley
  • 100m butterfly
  • 4x100 freestyle relay
  • 800m freestyle for WOMEN
• Freestyle


  Also known as the front crawl, it is the fastest and most efficient competitive swimming stroke. Swimmers are in a prone position with an alternate overhead arm stroke and a flutter kick
• Backstroke


  The only stroke not performed facing downward. Swimmers are in a supine position with an alternate overhead arm stroke and a flutter kick. They can breathe easily but cannot see where they are heading
• Breaststroke


  The oldest and slowest stroke. Most long distance swimmers use this stroke. Swimmers are in a prone position with an outstretched arm movement and a frog kick

  
• Butterfly


  The most difficult and exhausting stroke. Swimmers are in a prone position with a windmill or wave-like arm movement and a dolphin kick
• Sidestroke


  Used by rescuers. Swimmers are in a sideward position with the head above the water, using only one arm with an asymmetric underwater arm movement and a scissors kick
• Trudgen


  A mix between the sidestroke and freestyle. Swimmers are in a prone position with an alternate overhead arm underwater while kicking the legs with a scissors kick
• Dog paddle


  Swimmers are in a crouching prone position with the head above the water, paddling both arms underwater while kicking the legs with a modified flutter kick
• Freestyle relay


  Each swimmer swims in any style other than backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly
• Medley relay


  Each swimmer swims a quarter of the total course length in a different style in the order: backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, freestyle
• Swimming equipment


  • Swimming pool (at least 2 meters deep, lanes at least 2.5 meters wide)
  • Swimming starting blocks
  • Touch pad
  • Starting pistol/gun
  • Swim suits (briefs and jammers for men, no suits past knees or shoulders for women)
  • Swim cap
  • Goggles
• Starter


  Responsible for sending swimmers off the block and making sure each swimmer leaves on time. Can penalize for false starts
• Referee


  The single most important officiating role, with full control. Responsible for enforcing rules, settling disputes, and calling swimmers to their blocks
• Timekeepers


  Responsible for recording the time of the swimmer(s) in their respective lane, typically two per lane using stopwatches
• Inspector of turns


  Observes swimmers during the start, finish, and turns, ensuring they follow all rules and regulations. Creates disqualification reports for violations
• Clerk of course


  Also called a bullpen, organizes the competitive swimmers before the race based on their heat times
• Judges of strokes


  Responsible for observing swimmers' style to ensure they are using proper technique. May also assist inspector of turns
• Finish judges


  Identifies the order swimmers finish, and that they finish using the correct style
• Competitive swimming events can take place in both 25 meter and 50 meter pools
• Each swimming pool is split into eight separate lanes of 2.75 m and the outer lanes must have an additional empty space of 40 cm of water

  
• The outer lanes must have a green rope, four blue ropes for lanes 2, 3, 6 and 7, and three yellow ropes for lanes 4 and 5. The last five meters of the ropes are red to indicate the end of the pool

  
• Swimming is an individual or team collection of races and distances that consist of five major strokes: freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and the individual medley

  
• Unlike athletics, both men and women compete at all the above swimming events