Organic Chemistry

• Esters are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-COO-) bonded to an oxygen atom and an alkyl or aryl group.
• Alcohols contain an OH group attached to a carbon atom.
• Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, while alkenes have double bonds between two carbons.
• Covalent bonds tend to have higher bond energies than ionic bonds.
• Stronger bonds require more energy to break apart.
• The number of isomers increases with the length of the carbon chain.
• The bond energy is the amount of energy required to break a bond between two atoms.
• Aldehydes are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-CHO) at the end of a carbon chain.
• Aldehydes are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-CHO) attached to a carbon atom.
• Esters have a sweet, fruity odor and are commonly found in essential oils such as citrus fruits.
• The general formula for esters is R-C(=O)-OR', where R and R' can be the same or different.
• Esters are used in perfumes, flavors, and cosmetics due to their pleasant smell.
• Carboxylic acids have the general formula ROOC-H, where R is an alkyl group.
• Aldehydes have the general formula RCHO, with the C=O functional group at one end of the molecule.
• Ketones have the general formula RCOR', where R and R' can be different or the same.
• Aldehydes have the general formula RCHO, where R is an alkyl group.
• e-z isomers