Definitions of abnormality

• What does the prefix "psycho" refer to in psychopathology?

  The mind
• What does "pathology" mean in the context of psychopathology?

  The study of disease
• What mental health conditions are covered in the psychopathology video series?

  • OCD
  • Depression
  • Phobias
• Which psychological approaches are applied to each mental health condition in the series?

  • Behaviorist approach for phobias
  • Cognitive approach for depression
  • Biological approach for OCD
• Why is defining mental abnormality challenging?

  Clear definitions that include everyone are difficult
• What are the four competing definitions of abnormality discussed?

  1. Statistical infrequency
  2. Failure to function adequately
  3. Deviation from social norms
  4. Deviation from ideal mental health
• What does the statistical infrequency definition state?

  Rare mental conditions indicate mental abnormality
• How is statistical infrequency measured?

  Using statistics and normal distribution curves
• What is the average IQ score according to the statistical infrequency definition?

  100
• How many standard deviations away from the average is considered abnormal in IQ?

  Two standard deviations
• What is a positive evaluation of the statistical infrequency definition?

  It objectively measures low IQ for support
• What is a criticism of the statistical infrequency definition regarding low intelligence?

  Cutoff points for intelligence are subjective
• What is another criticism of the statistical infrequency definition?

  It includes common conditions like depression
• What does the failure to function adequately definition consider?

  • Ability to cope in daily life
  • Interaction with the world
  • Meeting daily challenges
• What are some features of failure to function according to Rosenhan and Seligman?

  Maladaptive behavior, personal anguish, observer discomfort
• What does personal anguish refer to in failure to function?

  Distress from inability to cope
• What is observer discomfort in the context of failure to function?

  Behavior causing distress to others
• What does rationality refer to in failure to function?

  Understanding motivation behind behavior
• What is unconventionality in the context of failure to function?

  Behavior that goes against societal expectations
• What is a criticism of the failure to function definition?

  Subjectivity in determining coping ability
• Why might psychopaths be excluded from the failure to function definition?

  They can function successfully in society
• What is a criticism regarding maladaptive behavior in the failure to function definition?

  Not all maladaptive behavior indicates mental illness
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the failure to function definition?

  Strengths:

  • Respects individual experiences
  • Focuses on coping abilities

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Subjective observer opinions
  • Excludes some abnormal individuals
• What is a social norm?

  An unwritten expectation of behavior
• How can social norms vary?

  By culture and over time
• What happens when someone deviates from social norms?

  They may be seen as abnormal
• How do cultural differences affect social norms?

  Norms vary greatly between cultures
• What is a positive aspect of deviation from social norms?

  It respects cultural differences
• What is a criticism of deviation from social norms?

  Difficulty applying norms across cultures
• What is category failure in the context of cultural norms?

  Applying Western definitions to other cultures
• How might hallucinations be viewed differently in cultures?

  As normal religious experiences in some cultures
• What is a criticism of deviation from social norms regarding individuality?

  It may punish individual expression
• What does Jahoda's deviation from ideal mental health definition include?

  1. Environmental mastery
  2. Autonomy
  3. Resistance to stress
  4. Self-actualization
  5. Positive attitude towards oneself
  6. Accurate perception of reality
• What is environmental mastery in Jahoda's definition?

  Ability to adapt and thrive in new situations
• What does autonomy refer to in Jahoda's definition?

  Ability to act independently
• What does resistance to stress mean in Jahoda's definition?

  Internal strength to cope with anxiety
• What is self-actualization in Jahoda's definition?

  Reaching one's potential through personal growth
• What does a positive attitude towards oneself indicate in Jahoda's definition?

  High self-esteem and self-respect
• What does accurate perception of reality mean in Jahoda's definition?

  Seeing the world without personal biases
• What is a limitation of Jahoda's definition of ideal mental health?

  It reflects a Western perspective of mental health