characteristics of phobias, depression and OCD

• What three psychopathologies are focused on in this unit?

  Phobias, depression, and OCD
• What are the three characteristics used to describe phobias, depression, and OCD?

  • Behavioral characteristics
  • Emotional characteristics
  • Cognitive characteristics
• What is a common behavior associated with phobias?

  Avoidance of the phobic object
• What is Arachnophobia?

  A fear of spiders
• What is Claustrophobia?

  A fear of enclosed spaces
• What is avoidant behavior in the context of phobias?

  Physically adapting behavior to avoid phobic objects
• What is a physical display of panic associated with phobias?

  Uncontrollable physical response to phobic objects
• What is generalized failure to function in relation to phobias?

  Inability to engage in normal daily activities
• What emotional characteristic is commonly associated with phobias?

  Anxiety as a high state of arousal
• How does anxiety affect individuals with phobias?

  They constantly think about future encounters
• What is the emotional aspect of panic in phobias?

  Fear linked to the fight or flight response
• What cognitive characteristic do phobia sufferers exhibit?

  Exaggerated belief in harm from phobic objects
• How does a phobia affect cognitive capacity?

  Reduces ability to think and engage in life
• What is a defining feature of depression?

  A constant and long-lasting sense of sadness
• What behavioral characteristic is common in individuals with depression?

  Change in activity level and lethargy
• What is anhedonia in the context of depression?

  Lack of energy for enjoyable activities
• What change in eating behavior is associated with depression?

  Significant weight gain or loss
• What emotional characteristics are common in depression?

  Sadness, guilt, and feelings of worthlessness
• What cognitive characteristic is associated with depression?

  Negative schemas about self and future
• What does OCD stand for?

  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• What defines OCD?

  Obsessions and compulsions as anxiety responses
• What are compulsions in OCD?

  Behavioral responses to intrusive thoughts
• What is a common behavioral characteristic of compulsions?

  Checking behaviors to reduce anxiety
• What is a common avoidance behavior in OCD?

  Avoiding objects that trigger obsessive thoughts
• What emotional characteristic is associated with OCD?

  High levels of anxiety from obsessions
• What cognitive characteristic includes intrusive thoughts in OCD?

  Obsessions that are irrational and recurring
• What is hypervigilance in OCD?

  A constant state of alertness for threats
• What does selective attention mean in the context of OCD?

  Focus on objects related to obsessions
• What are the key features of OCD?

  • Obsessions: intrusive, irrational thoughts
  • Compulsions: behavioral responses to obsessions
  • High anxiety levels due to obsessive thoughts
• What are the key features of depression?

  • Persistent sadness
  • Change in activity level (lethargy)
  • Negative schemas and poor concentration
• What are the key features of phobias?

  • Avoidance of phobic objects
  • Panic responses to phobic objects
  • Exaggerated beliefs about harm from phobic objects