Brain Structure

• Frontal lobe:

  • decision making, language and speech production, volantary movement, emotional regulation
• primary motor cortex

  • responsable for volantary movement
  • found left and right hemishpere
  • areas in LHS are responsable for movement on RHS
• broca's area

  • speech and motor movement
  • only in LEFT hemispere (base of motor cortex)
• parietal lobe

  • bodily (somatic) sensations
  • sensory reception and perception
  • contains primary somasensory cortex
  • information on left proccessed on right
• temporal lobe

  • auditory proccessing
  • left TL = verbal information (left hemispere proccesses language)
  • right TL = non verbal information
  • contains primary auditory cortex, wernicks area
• wernicks area

  • language comprehension (left hemispere)
  • encircles auditory cortex
• occipital lobe

  • visual sensory input recived and interpreted
  • if damaged would impare perception
  • contains primary visual cortex
• cerebellum:

  • controls posture, balance, coordination
  • in hindbrain, at lower back of the brain
• medulla:

  • lowest part of brainstem
  • relays info between spinal cord and brain
  • controls/regulates vital phisiological functions such as heartbeat, circularion and respiration
• hindbrain:

  • coordinates sensory and motor messages, entering and leaving spinal cord

  
• midbrain:

  • directly above hindbrain
  • reticular formation: located within lengh of the brainstem
• forebrain:

  • largest part of the brain
  • plays key role in cognision, emotion, behavior and proccesseing information
• thalamus:

  • double lobed structure located above brainstem
  • relay station for sensory info (exept smell)
• hypothalamus:

  • small structure below thalamus
  • regulates many physiological proccesses, incuding sleep, hunger, thirst, contolling body temp etc
  • controls homostasis, glucose levels and metabolism
• cerebrum:

  • largest part of the brain
  • controls volentary movement, sensations, learning, remembering, thinking, emotional conciousness
  • white matter inside
  • split up into 2 hemisperes
• Wernicks area is only in the Left hemispere
• Broncas area is only in the Left hemispere
• Reticular Formation:

  • network of nuclei located within the length of the brainstem through its center
  • involved in actions such as sleep cycle
  • filters incoming stimuli
• Left Temporal Lobe:

  • verbal imformation (processes language)
• Right Temporal Lobe:

  • non-verbal info (sounds)
• Corpus Callosum:

  • thick band of nerve fibres connecting two hemispheres of brain
  • funtion: transfer info registered in one hemispere to opposite hemisphere for proccessing.
• Cerebral cortex:

  • thin layer of tissue that forms outer layer and surface of brains cerebrum
  • responsible for basic sensory and motor functions as well as higher mental processes
• Primary somasensory cortex:

  • a strip of neurons located at front of parietal lobe
  • registers and processes sensory info from receptors in the body
• Primary auditory cortex:

  • area of temporal lobe that registers and proccesses auditory info
• Primary visual cortex:

  • area at base of occipital lobe
  • registers, proccesses and interprets visual information sent from each eye
• White vs Grey matter:

  • grey made up of neurological cell bodies and dentrites
  • white matter mylonated axons
  • grey matter processes info and play role in perception, memory and decision making
  • white matter facilitates communication between grey matter areas