social influence

• What is a commonly accepted definition of conformity?

  A change in behavior or belief due to group pressure
• Why do people often conform to group behavior?

  To avoid social rejection or to fit in
• What are the three types of conformity according to Helman?

  • Compliance
  • Identification
  • Internalization
• What is compliance in terms of conformity?

  Changing behavior to fit in while privately disagreeing
• What motivates compliance?

  Desire for positive reactions from others
• How does compliance differ from identification?

  Compliance is superficial; identification is deeper
• What is identification in conformity?

  Adopting group behaviors to strengthen social identity
• What is internalization in terms of conformity?

  Adopting group norms as one's own beliefs
• What drives internalization?

  Desire for correctness and moral alignment
• How does internalization affect behavior when external pressures are removed?

  Beliefs and behaviors remain changed permanently
• What are the two explanations for conformity?

  • Normative social influence (NSI)
  • Informational social influence (ISI)
• What is normative social influence (NSI)?

  Conforming to avoid social rejection or exclusion
• What is informational social influence (ISI)?

  Conforming because the group has more knowledge
• In an emergency, how do people typically respond according to ISI?

  They look to others for guidance on actions
• How does Ash's study demonstrate normative social influence?

  Participants conformed to avoid social rejection
• What was the mean conformity rate in Ash's study?

  32%
• What effect did increasing the number of Confederates have on conformity rates?

  Conformity increased with more Confederates
• What was the impact of having an ally in Ash's study?

  Conformity rate dropped to 5.5%
• How did task difficulty affect conformity in Ash's study?

  Increased difficulty led to higher conformity rates
• What are the strengths of Ash's study?

  • High control over variables
  • Standardized procedures
  • Internal validity
• What are the criticisms of Ash's study?

  • Lacks temporal validity
  • Cultural bias in sample
  • Lacks mundane realism
• What is the difference between dispositional and situational explanations for conformity?

  Dispositional relates to personality; situational to context
• Why is it difficult to determine the motivations behind conformity?

  Participants may not be aware of their motivations
• What is a commonly accepted definition of conformity?

  A change in behavior or belief due to group pressure
• Why do people find it hard to go against the crowd?

  Fear of social rejection and desire for acceptance
• What percentage of participants in Asch's study conformed at least once?

  75%
• What is the difference between conformity and obedience?

  Conformity is peer pressure; obedience is authority commands
• What are the three types of conformity according to Helman?

  • Compliance
  • Identification
  • Internalization
• What is compliance in terms of conformity?

  Changing behavior to avoid disapproval or punishment
• How does compliance differ from internalization?

  Compliance is superficial; internalization is deep and lasting
• What motivates individuals to comply?

  Desire for positive reactions from others
• What is identification in conformity?

  Aligning with a group to strengthen social identity
• What drives internalization in conformity?

  Acceptance of group norms as one's own values
• What is normative social influence?

  Conforming to be liked or accepted by others
• How does informational social influence differ from normative social influence?

  ISI is about knowledge; NSI is about acceptance
• In what situation might someone conform due to informational social influence?

  During an emergency when unsure of the correct action
• What was the main finding of Asch's conformity study?

  Participants conformed to group pressure despite knowing the correct answer
• What effect did increasing the number of Confederates have on conformity rates in Asch's study?

  Conformity rates increased with more Confederates
• What was the conformity rate when one Confederate gave the correct answer?

  5.5%
• How did task difficulty affect conformity in Asch's study?

  Increased difficulty led to higher conformity rates