science

• Ammeter


  Circuit symbol for an ammeter
• Current is the same everywhere in a series circuit
• Current is the same entering + leaving in a parallel circuit
• Switch

  Symbol for a switch
• Parallel Circuit


  Circuit symbol for a parallel circuit
• Voltage is the same entering + leaving in a parallel circuit
• Voltage


  V₁ + V²
• If you remove a bulb from a series circuit, the other one would go out because the circuit would be incomplete
• Voltage = V₁ + V² in a series circuit
• Voltmeter


  Circuit symbol for a voltmeter
• Current splits and rejoins in a parallel circuit
• Motor


  Circuit symbol for a motor
• Current is the same everywhere in a parallel circuit
• Bulb


  Circuit symbol for a bulb
• Series Circuit


  Circuit symbol for a series circuit
• Units of current, voltage and resistance

  • Current = amps (A)
  • Voltage = volts (V)
  • Resistance = ohms (Ω)
• Describe difference in brightness of bulbs in a series and parallel circuit

  In a series circuit, the brightness of bulbs decreases because they share the same current. In a parallel circuit, each bulb gets the full voltage so they shine brighter
• Rate of change of speed equation: Rate of change = (Final speed - Initial speed)/Time
• Removing a bulb in a parallel circuit

  If you remove a bulb in a parallel circuit, the other bulbs will continue to stay lit, since there is a separate path that could reach the other bulbs
• How to find weight equation: Weight = mass x gravity (10 m/s^2)
• Describe how current flows in a series and parallel circuit

  In a series circuit, the current flows through each component in a single path with the same amount. In a parallel circuit, it splits up and flows through multiple pathways and then rejoins
• Circuit Symbols

  • Bulb = D
  • Ammeter = -
  • Voltmeter = +
  • Motor = >
  • Switch = switch
• How to find average speed: Average speed = (Initial speed + Final speed)/2
• Principle of moments: Clockwise moments about a point equal the counterclockwise moments about the same point in equilibrium
• How to measure resistance

  Resistance = Voltage/Current
• Resultant force: Balanced force = 0, Unbalanced force = Resultant force
• How to find pressure: Pressure = Force/Area
• How to measure current

  Current = Power/Voltage
• Scalar and Vector Quantities: Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction, while scalar quantities only have magnitude
• Removing bulb in series circuit

  If you remove a bulb from a series circuit, the circuit would go out because it would be incomplete
• Parallel Circuit


  • Current splits and rejoins at junctions
  • Voltage is the same entering and leaving
• Conductors allow current to flow easily, while insulators have high resistance and don't allow current to flow through
• How to find moments: Moment = Force x Distance
• Labelling a plug

  1. Check that the correct fuse is fitted

  2. Ensure there are no loose wire strands

  3. Ensure color-coded wires go to correct pins
• How to find speed: S = Distance/Time
• Series Circuit


  • Current is the same everywhere
  • Voltage = V1 + V2
• Scalar quantities

  Have magnitude (size) only
• In a series circuit the current in the branches adds up to the total current leaving the circuit
• Vector quantities
• Scalar quantities