Kingdoms

• Viruses are not living and so are not in a kingdom
• Bacteria

  • Some bacteria are important in making yoghurt and cheese
  • These bacteria use a type of anaerobic respiration to ferment milk: glucose → lactic acid
• Something that stops a population from increasing further is called a limiting factor
• The tissues in multicellular organisms need to have raw materials transported to them because diffusion would be too slow
• Some microorganisms need light for photosynthesis
• Cell parts

  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • nucleus
  • mitochondria
  • cell wall
  • chloroplasts
• Many unicellular microorganisms are decomposers and play an important part in the carbon cycle
• Some microorganisms need oxygen for aerobic respiration
• Bacteria and fungi feeding

  1. Feed by releasing enzymes into their surroundings to digest large organic molecules

  2. The digested molecules are then absorbed
• Microscopic fungi

  • reproduce asexually by budding
  • can use aerobic respiration, which is important in baking
  • can use anaerobic respiration (fermentation), which is important in alcoholic drink manufacture
• Microscopic fungi fermentation

  glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol (alcohol)
• Classifications of organisms

  • Kingdom prokaryotes (all unicellular)
  • protoctists (mainly unicellular)
  • fungi (mainly multicellular)
  • plants (all multicellular)
  • animals (all multicellular)
• Unicellular organisms can only grow to a certain size. If the organism is too big, it cannot get enough of the substances it needs throughout the cell because diffusion is too slow
• All microorganisms need warmth, food, and moisture to grow well
• The increase in a population can be shown on a growth curve