B1- cell biology

• What is a eukaryotic cell?

  A cell with a nucleus, complex. Include animal and plant cells.
• What is a prokaryotic cell?

  A cell without a nucleus, singles-celled organism, smaller and simpiler than eukaryotic cells. Includes bacteria
• What are the subcellular structures in an animal cell?

  Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Ribosomes
• What is the function of a nucleus?

  Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration takes place. Respiration transfer energy that the cell needs to work
• What is the function of a cytoplasm?

  Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions
• What is the function of a cell membrane?

  Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
• What is the function of ribosomes?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What are the extra sub-cellular structures in a plant cell?

  Cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts
• What is the function of a cell wall?

  Made of cellulose. Supports and strengthens the cell
• What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

  Contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugars and salts)
• What is the function of chloroplasts?

  Where photosynthesis happens, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis
• What type of cell are bacteria cells?

  Prokaryotic- don't have a nucleus instead have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
• What do bacteria cells contain?

  Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, circular strand of DNA, cytoplasm, plasmid, flagella
• What is the function of circular strand of DNA?

  Genes they need to survive and reproduce
• What is the function of plasmids?

  Extra genes, antibiotic resistance
• What is the function of flagella?

  Propel the bacteria
• What doesn't a bacteria cell have?

  Mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus
• + and - of light microscopes

  Uses light and lenses

  + easy to use, relatively cheap, see individual cells and large sub-cellular structures

  -resolution limited to 0.2 um (micro meters), not good enough to study sub-cellular structures
• + and - of electron microscopes

  Use electrons

  + Max resolution -0.1 nm (2000x better)

  + Can study sub-cellular structures

  -Very expensive

  -Hard to use (used by scientists)
• What is magnification?

  How many times larger the image is than the object
• What is resolution?

  The shortest distance between 2 points on an object that can still be distinguished as 2 separate entities
• Identify components of light microscope

  1. Eyepiece
  2. 
     
  3. Objective lens
  4. Stage
  5. Coarse focusing knob
  6. Microscope slide
  7. 
     
  8. Light source
  9. Fine focusing knob

  
• Magnification equation

  Magnification = image size / object size