Science Exam

• Ecosystem 


  is a biological community where the living and non-living components interact with each other and their physical environment
• Ecosystem 


  is a biological community where the living and non-living components interact with each other and their physical environment.
• Biotic Components 


  are the living things that have a direct or indirect influence on other organisms in an Environment
• Producers


  Producers include all autotrophs such as plants and algae
• Consumers


  or heterotrophs are organisms that depend on other organisms for food
• Primary Consumers 


  are always herbivores that the rely on producers for food
• Secondary Consumers 


  Depend on primary Consumers for energy, they can either be a carnivore or an Omnivore
• Teritiary Consumers 


  Are organisms that depend on secondary Consumers for food
• Quaternary Consumers 


  are present in some food chains
• Decomposers


  include saprophytes such as fungi and bacteria, They directly thrive on the dead and decaying organic matter
• Abiotic Components 


  of an Ecosystem include all chemical and physical elements i.e. non-living components (like air, water and soil)
• Energy flow


  In the ecosystem is one of the major factors that support the survival of such a great number of organisms
• The producers and consumers in the ecosystem cam be different feeding groups and are known as Trophic level or the feeding Level
• Food chain 


  is a chain which shows how organisms are linked to each other through food
• Food web


  Is am interconnected food chains, a single food web of many food chains
• Symbiosis 


  Describes the way in which two different species living together in the sme community, interact with each other over a long time period both benefits
• Mutualism 


  Occurs between any two species where both of the individual benefits from the interaction
• Parasitism


  is when the one species benefits or gains from the relationship and the other species is harmed in some way
• Commensalism


  In some interactions between individuals from different species the one species benefits, while the other on is unaffected by the relationship
• Competition 


  When Two species in an ecosystem need to share a valuable and often limited resources such as food or water