Chapter 4

• Rizal went to Europe to widen his learning and to acquire knowledge about a cure for his mother's worsening eye condition
• May 1, 1882 - left Calamba, and was able to reach Manila in ten hours
• May 3, 1882 - left Manila along with his brother Paciano and Uncle Antonio Rivera
• Decided to go to aborad after completing his fourth year in the medical course
• Barcelona, Spain - where he will be finishing his medical course and make a name for himself in the field of journalism
• May 26, 1882 - Paciano wrote a letter to Rizal
• Jose Mercado - was Rizal passport's name, secured by Paciano and through the endorsement of Pedro Paterno
• Rizal boarded the steamer Salvadora and sailed to Singapore. Stayed for two days
• Boarded the ship Djemnah that passed through Colombo in Sri Lanka, Aden in Yemen, the entire Suez Canal, and landed at Port Said
• June 11, 1882 - the ship reached Naples in Italy
• Harbor of Marseilles - the ship stopped at this harbor, and Rizal rode a train going to Barcelona, Spain
• June 16, 1882 - arrived in Spain, he noticed the community practiced freedom and liberalism
• Plaza de Cataluna - fellow Filipinos gave him a celebration in this plaza
• Rizal's missions:

  (1) make a name for himself by sharing his writings

  (2) to express his love for his country
• El Amor Patrio or Love of Country - Rizal's first piece at age 21
• Laong Laan - Rizal's screen name when he published his piece
• August 20, 1882 - published his piece in Diariong Tagalog in Manila
• Love of Country - was considered to portray the purest, most noble, and courageous human sentiment. It reminds us of the love, affection, and gratitude to the Philippines
• September 1882

  • Rizal moved to Madrid
  • Enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid (Nov. 3, 1882) and took up Philosophy and Letters in Medicine
  • Academy of San Carlos - painting, sculpture, languages (French, German, English)
  • Hall of Sanz and Carbonell - shooting and fencing
  • Roman Law - showed great interest in taking the examination
• June 5 to 26 - Rizal passed the medical examination

  • given the degree of Licentiate in Medicine
• MADRID

  • Licenciado en Filosofia Y Letras - finished his course in Philosophy and Letters
  • Rizal was halfway done with his novel, Noli Me Tangere
• Circulo Hispano Filipino - a social organization meant to create reforms for the Philippines. The members were mostly Filipino elderlies, who were exiles of 1872
• Juan Atayde (leader)

  • retired army officer
  • Philippine-born Spaniard
  • poetry reading and debates
• Mi Piden Versos (They Ask Me for Verses)

  • request of the group from Rizal
• Wrote letters to Don Francisco to join the organization, but it was later disbanded. Reasons of disbandment:

  (1) differences among members who were young students expatriates and retired colonials

  (2) age differences
• Miguel Morayta - history professor at the Universidad de Madrid
• Rizal became a member of "Dimasalang" its masonic name. It is an organization outlawed by the Catholic Church
• November 15, 1890 - Rizal became a Master Mason in Lodge Solidaridad and was removed from the Catholic church
• Consuelo (Don Pabolo's daughter)- Rizal's love interest in Madrid, held back his feelings because he was engaged to Leonor Rivera
• A La Senorita C.O y R. - Rizal wrote in 1883 for Counselo
• June 25, 1884 - Rizal made a speech for Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo. For the first time they heard a Filipino speak in Castillan language
• Top prize: Spolarium by Juan Luna

  2nd prize: Virgines Christianas Expuestas al Populacho (Christian Virgins Exposed to the Population) by Hidalgo

  • Both joined the National Exposition of Fine Arts
• Rizal's speech was published in the newspaper, El Liberal
• November 1885 - Rizal arrived in Paris, France

  Maximo Viola - an assistant of Dr. Louis de Wecker (learning about the different techniques of eye operation)
• Rizal became a model and pos Luna: The Blood Compact (as Sikatuna) and Death

  • finished some part of his Noli in Paris
• February 1886 - left Paris for Germany and stayed in an old university town in Heidelberg

  • became an assistant of Dr. Otto Becker at the University Eye Hospital
  • Rizal mastered the techniques of diagnosing eye ailments, which he learned from Dr. Louis de Wecker
• • Rizal became a member of the Chess Players' Club of Heidelberg
  • In Heidelberg, Rizal wrote letters to his sisters Maria and Trinidad
  • A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) to express his homesickness for his loved ones
• Wilhelmsfeld

  • During the summer, Rizal spent a 3-month vacation
  • Stayed with Dr. Karl Ulmer, a pastor of the vicarage of Wilhemslfeld
  • Rizal thought that Pastor Ulmer could get along with the Catholic priest in the area
• After Wilhemsfeld

  • July 31, 1886 - Rizal started his correspondence with Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt (director of Atenio of Leitmeritz, Austria)
  • Rizal sent him a book entitled Aritmetica by Rufino Baltazar Hernandez
• Leipzig

  • August 14, 1886, Rizal attended the fifth centenary foundation celebration of the University of Heidelberg, he arrived in Leipzig.
  • Met Prof. Friedrich Ratzel (well-known German historian),
  • Dr. Hans Meyer (famous German anthropologist wrote a book on the Philippines)
  • Rizal was able to translate Schiller's William Tell into Tagalog (how Swiss people achieved their independence)
  • Translated the fairy tales that Hans Christian Andersen wrote
  • 2-month stay, he worked in a publishing company as a proofreader