Personal Hygiene

• Personal Hygiene – self care, such as bathing, toileting, general body hygiene and grooming.
• Personal Hygiene - Science of health and its maintenance.
• Personal Hygiene - Involves the care of the skin hair, nails, teeth, oral

  and nasal cavities, eyes, ears, facial shaving, and perineal-genital areas.
• Factors Influencing Personal Hygiene

  • Social Practices
  • Body Image
  • Personal preferences
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Health beliefs and motivation
  • Developmental stage
  • Cultural Variables
  • Physical Condition
• Assess the client’s physical and cognitive status to determine specifically what aspect of hygiene can be performed independently.
• Function of the Skin

  • Protection
  • Secretion
  • Excretion
  • Temperature regulation
  • Sensation
• Epidermis - shields underlying tissues?; consists of layers of stratified epithelial cells
• Dermis - contains bundles of collagen, nerve fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles
• Subcutaneous tissue - lies just beneath the skin; contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph, and loose connective tissue filled with fat cells
• The oral cavity is lined with mucous membranes.
• Xerostomia- dry mouth.
• Gingivitis- inflammation of the gums.
• Feet, Hands and Nails - Requires special attention to prevent infection,

  odor and injury.
• Hygiene requires careful attention to the eyes, ears, and nose.
• Sense of smell is an important aid to appetite.
• Melanin - Polymer of tyrosine amino acids. Its synthesis is catalyzed by an enzyme called tyrosinase
• Carotene - yellow to orange pigments found in plants
• Hemoglobin - pigmented protein that transports oxygen within the blood
• Abrasion – superficial layers scrapped or rubbed away.
• Excessive Dryness - skin appears flaky and rough
• Ammonia Dermatitis - Skin bacteria reacting with urea in urine; Skin become reddened and sore
• Acne - inflammatory condition with papules and pustules.
• Erythema – redness associated with a variety of conditions rashes, exposure to sun, elevated body temperature.
• Pallor – absence of underlying red tone seen in the buccal mucosa.
• Cyanosis – bluish-tinge evident in nailbeds, lips and buccal mucosa
• Jaundice – yellowish-tinge, initially seen in the sclera
• Erythema – redness associated with rashes
• Vitiligo - patches of hypopigmented skin
• Diaphoresis – excessive perspiration
• Bromhidrosis – foul smelling perspiration
• Skin Lesions – alteration in normal skin appearance
• Erosion – wearing away of superficial epidermis causing moist, shallow depression
• Each feet contains 26 bones,107 ligaments and 19

  muscles.
• Callus – thickened portion of epidermis
• Corn – Keratosis caused by friction and pressure from ill-fitting shoes.
• Plantar Warts – Appears on the sole of the foot caused by Papovavirus Hominis (papilloma virus)
• Fissures - Deep groves, frequently occur between the toes as a result of dryness and cracking of the skin.
• Ingrown Toenail – inward growth of the nail into the soft tissues around nails due to improper nail trimming
• Athlete’s Foot or Tinea Pedis - Ringworm of the foot caused by

  a fungus; Scaling & cracking of the skin particularly the toes
• Dandruff – diffuse scaling of the scalp accompanied by itching.