Burger et al

• Who conducted the study "Replicating Milgram"?

  Jerry Burger
• Burger's study is a partial replication of the famous Milgram study but with changes to make it more ethical
• Which variation of Milgram's study did Burger's study replicate?

  Variation #5
• Burger's study illustrates how scientific research proceeds by replicating Milgram's findings to see if they still hold true today.
• Which approach to psychology does Burger's study illustrate?

  Social Approach
• Burger's study also investigates individual differences in traits like empathy and locus of control
• Burger's study uses the experimental method to manipulate an independent variable and draw conclusions about cause and effect.
• What type of experimental design did Burger use in his study?

  Independent Groups design
• In Milgram's study, all participants who rebelled against authority dropped out by 150V
• What was announced at 150V in Milgram's Variation #5?

  Heart condition
• Burger argues that continuing the experiment beyond 150V is unnecessary because participants who go beyond it would likely go to 450V.
• What two traits did Burger focus on to measure individual differences in obedience?

  Empathy and locus of control
• Match the trait with its definition:

  Empathy ↔️ Ability to understand others

  Locus of control ↔️ Importance of autonomy
• Burger measured empathy and locus of control using questionnaires
• Milgram's obedience studies are significant because they help us understand atrocities and genocides.
• What were the aims of Burger's "Replicating Milgram" study?

  Replicate Milgram's results
• The learner in Burger's study mentions having a slight heart condition
• What voltage does the experimenter direct the teacher to deliver after the learner's complaint at 150V?

  165V
• In the "model refusal" condition, a second confederate refuses to continue at 90V.
• The Interpersonal Reactivity Index measures empathy
• What does the Desirability of Control Scale measure?

  Locus of control
• Burger's study used a two-step screening process to filter out participants who might be unduly stressed.
• Order the ethical controls used in Burger's study:

  1️⃣ Two-step screening process

  2️⃣ Participants warned of withdrawal

  3️⃣ Clinical psychologist as experimenter

  4️⃣ Mild 15V test shock

  5️⃣ Immediate debriefing
• Burger found that 70% of participants in the baseline condition went past 150V
• What happened to participants who stopped at 150V or sooner in the base condition?

  Higher locus of control
• Burger concluded that Milgram's results still hold true half a century later.
• Burger's assumption that participants willing to go beyond 150V would go to 450V is based on their self-perception
• What does Social Impact Theory suggest about the impact of authority when divided between two teachers?

  Lessened impact
• Empathy was found to have a significant effect on obedience in Burger's study.

  False
• Burger found that locus of control made a difference in the base condition but not in the "model refusal" condition.
• Social Impact Theory suggests the impact of authority is lessened when divided between two teachers rather than one
• Milgram found less obedience when using two rebellious models instead of one
• Empathy did not significantly affect obedience in Burger's study, contrary to Milgram
• What trait was associated with early reluctance to continue in Burger's study?

  Empathic concern
• High empathic concern led participants in Burger's study to refuse to continue

  False
• Locus of control had some effect on obedience in Burger's study, but this effect disappeared in the model condition.
• What is Burger's explanation for why the presence of a refusing model undermines the effect of locus of control?

  Personal control assertion
• Miller's (2009) article evaluated Burger's study in the same year it was published
• Burger's sample was larger than Milgram's, with a sample size of 70
• What age range did Burger's participants fall into?

  20-81 years