Unit 1

• What is health?

  A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
• What is fitness?

  The ability to meet the demands of the environment.
• Benefits of exercise (physical)?

  Improves heart function, strength, endurance.
• Benefits of exercise (social)?

  Improves teamwork, communication, and confidence.
• Benefits of exercise (mental)?

  Reduces stress, anxiety, boosts mood.
• Risks of a sedentary lifestyle?

  Obesity, hypertension, poor posture, low self-esteem, stress.
• What is the energy balance equation?

  Positive = weight gain, Negative = weight loss, Balanced = weight maintenance.
• Function of carbohydrates?

  Provide energy.
• Function of protein?

  Growth and repair of tissues.
• Function of fats?

  Provide energy and insulation.
• Main components of fitness?

  Cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition.
• Test for cardiovascular endurance?

  Multi-stage fitness test or Cooper's 12-minute run.
• What does specificity in training mean?

  Training must be relevant to the sport or goal.
• Why warm up before exercise?

  Raises body temp, reduces injury risk, improves focus.
• Why cool down after exercise?

  Removes waste, speeds recovery.
• Structure of heart?

  Includes atria, ventricles, pulmonary and systemic circuits.
• Function of the heart?

  Pumps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen, and remove waste.
• Aerobic exercise characteristics?

  Low intensity, uses oxygen, long duration.
• Anaerobic exercise characteristics?

  High intensity, no oxygen, short duration.
• Short-term effects of exercise?

  Increased HR, body temp, breathing rate, fatigue.
• Long-term effects of exercise?

  Increased stroke volume, muscle elasticity, hypertrophy.
• What is an isotonic contraction?

  Muscle changes length (concentric or eccentric).
• Example of a third-class lever?

  Elbow joint during bicep curl.
• Plane of movement for flexion/extension?

  Sagittal plane.
• What is SMART goal setting?

  Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic, Time-bound.
• Types of guidance?

  Verbal, visual, manual, mechanical.
• What is intrinsic motivation?

  Motivation from within, like enjoyment.
• What is extrinsic motivation?

  Motivation from external rewards, like trophies.
• Characteristics of skilled performance?

  Technique, consistency, accuracy, control, aesthetics.
• Factors affecting participation in sport?

  Family, gender, society, peers, cost, access, role models.
• What is commercialisation in sport?

  Media, sponsorship and advertising involvement in sport.