crime and deviance

• deviance

  a behaviour that isn't considered normal by society
• crime

  an act of behaviour that breaks a written rule in society
• community policing

  direct or personal links with community ,useful for communities with high EM
• Zero tolerance policing

  strict on the smallest crimes ,think that if punishment for small crimes is severe than people wont commit big crimes
• functionalist view on policing

  enforce social control ,teach people how to stay safe ,appropriate behavior
• marxist view on policing

  biased againt working class,protects the ruling class from working class
• charles murray

  crime is increasing due to weak law enforcement ,failing education system
• criticism of charles murray

  only some crimes have worsened and not all lone parent childeren commit crime
• culture of poverty of life

  underclass have their own way ,criminal acts are considered normal
• criticism of culture of poverty

  not all working class commit crime ,middle class do
• durkheim view on crime

  reminds people of rules

  safety valve

  bonds society together

  provides jobs
• snapper and tomb

  corporate crimes done for the benefit of large companies

  -white collar crime:personal gain
• durkheim and anomie

  -loss of norms eg -people broke in during hurricaine
• merton

  where anomie exists criminal behaviour is likely to increase
• strain theory

  society built around idea of succeed ,achieved through hard work.not everyone can achieve so creates strain
• conformists

  people who work hard to achieve their goals through socially excepted ways
• innovator

  people who cant achieve it through socially accepted ways so turn to crime and deviance
• a cohen

  -subcultures influence crime and deviant behvaiours

  -subcultures bring a sense of belonging
• a cohen -status fustration

  -youth reject mainstream norm and values and create their own deviant ones
• Miller -5 focal concerns

  -toughness -fighting

  -smartness -pick pocketing

  -excitement -sex

  -trouble

  -fate
• matza

  disagrees with subcultural theory

  argues people drift in and out of crime
• what are criticisms of functionalists and subcultural theory

  they only look at wc males
• chambliss

  argues most law is poperty law ,ruling class members are part of crime syndicate where they use wealth to bribe officials
• criticism of chambliss

  overemphaise class inequality and ignores wealth, gender, ethnicity
• interactionism

  anyone can be criminal .the difference is that a criminal is labeled
• master status

  powerful label and the main thing people see you as
• becker

  criminals live up to their label because they think they aren't capable of anything else
• hypodermic syringe needle

  how we influenced by what we see in the media
• functionalist and media

  they believe it warns us about the risk of criminal behavior and brings society together
• s .cohen -moral panic

  exaggerated reaction to issues that relate to morality
• folk devil

  a group that causes problems
• pollacks chivalry thesis

  male dominated police courts -more lenient to women

  women viewed as sad or mad rather than bad
• Heidensohn

  -argues women live in a patriarchal society so gains experience ,more social control
• Denscombe and ladettes

  criticizes Heidensohn by saying women are more masculine and commit more male crimes
• gillroy and stereotypes

  black people more criminal than white -but racially profiled
• hall and scapegoats

  wrote about moral panic of mugging ,media associated mugging with immigrants
• immigrants are now

  scapegoats
• brave

  youth have no financial pressures so free to engage in crime and deviance
• cloward and ohlin

  lack of oppurtunity in terms of wealth so boys engage in delinquent subcutures