migration

• migration impacting employment

  -people coming over are working age

  -also bring over young children who'll work one day
• globalisation affecting migration

  acceleration - speeding up rate of migration (3.6% world's population)

  differentiation - many different types of migration (permanent, temporary workers, forced migrants)
• Cohen

  argues there's 3 class differences in migrants

  -citizens

  -denizens

  -helots
• feminisation of migration

  -almost half of global migrants are female

  -global gendered division of labour

  -female migrants tend to work as carers / providers of sexual services
• why do women tend to work as carers?

  -the expansion of service occupations

  -western women joined labour force

  -western men unwilling to perform domestic jobs

  -state fails to provide adequate childcare
• politicising migration

  -politicians advocate one of two approaches

  -assimilationism

  -multiculturalism
• assimilationism

  -immigrants should 'become like' national citizens

  -adopt their norms, values & ways of life
• strengths of assimilationism

  -helps people integrate into society

  -functionalists say helps create value consensus
• criticisms of assimilationism

  -destroys cultural heritage
• multiculturalism

  -immigrants may wish to retain seperate cultural indentity

  -Eriksen distinguishes between 2 types of diversity & how state responds:

  > shallow diversity - aspects of culture state deems acceptable & allows to co-exist with native culture (tikka masala considered British)

  > deep diversity - aspects of culture which state deems unacceptable (arranged marriage)
• immigration


  movement into a society
• emigration


  movement out of a society
• net migration


  difference between numbers of immigrants & number of emigrants