PARA L6

• structural element and may involved in the locomotion

  Polar rings

  Conoid

  Subpellicular microtubules
• one or two which encricels the anterior end of the parasite,

  seen as electron dense structures beneath cell membrane

  Polar rings
• truncated cone spirally arranged fibrillar structure gestured in the rings

  conoid
• radiate from polar rings and run posteriorly parallel to the body axis

  subpellicular microtubules
• elongated electron dense bodies extending to the cell membrane with in the polar rings and the conoid if present

  rhoptries
• participates in adhesion to and penetration of host cels annd the formation of parasitophorous vacuoles

  rhoptries
• a vacuoles within the host cell that will contain the parasite

  parasitophorous vacuoles
• smaller, more convoluted elongated bodies that also exten posteriorly from the apical complex.

  micronemes
• ducts of micronemes run anteriorly into the rhoptries or join a common duct system with the rhoptries to lead to the cell surface at the apex

  micronemes
• function in ingestion of food material during the parasite's intercellular life but not part of thhe apical complex

  micropore
• form spores at some stage of their life cycle

  Phylum apicomplexa
• term used of having different life cycles in each hosts

  alternation of hosts
• T/F: apicomplexa's life cycle may be passed in one host or may involve passage in two host


  True
• methods of reproduction of Apicomplexa phylum?

  Schizogony and sporogony
• Asexual reproduction

  schizogony
• other term for schizogony

  merogony
• end product of schizogony and mero

  schizonts and merozoites
• sexual reproduction of Apicomplexa phylum

  sporogony
• end products of sporogony

  sporozoites
• Class: Conoidasida

  Subclass: coccidiasina

  Order: eucoccidiorida

  Suborder: eimeriorina
• Family and Genus:

  • Eimeriidae - Eimeria and Cystoisosprora (isospora)
  • Sarcocystidae - Toxoplasma Sarcocystis
  • Cryptosporidiidae - Cryptosporidium
• most immature form of the parasite

  sporoblast
• the moment the sporoblast is going to form a wall around itself is called?

  Sporocyst
• It is the mature oocyst

  sporozoites
• a Genus where the mature oocyst contains 4 sporocysts, each with 2 sporozoites, and is spurious parasites in man

  Eimeria
• A genus where the mature oocysts contains 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites

  Cystoisospora
• A genus found in animals but can be passed to humans. it is usually associated with HIV

  Cryptosporidium
• class of parasites that contain conoids

  Conoidasida
• Class of parasites do not have conoids

  Aconoidasida
• Class Aconoidasida

  • Order: Haemosporida. Piroplasmorida
  • Family: Plasmodiidae. Babesiidae
  • Genus: Plasmodium. Babesia and theileria
• Class of Ciliophere

  • Order - Vestibuliferida
  • Family - Balantidiidae
  • Genus - Balantidium
• In genus plasmodium, it takes place in the vertebrate host (intermediate host usually man), it is an esexual method of reproduction 


  Schizogony
• a protein covering the surface of the sporozoite that will bind to the receptors that are found in the liver

  circumsporozoite protein
• where does schizogony of plasmodium takes place in its intermediate host specifically?

  Hepatic cells and RBC
• These are heavily glycosylated cellular glycoproteins of human and animal RBC which facilitate the entry of the parasite into the red cells

  • it is the where the binding takes place

  Glycophorins
• in Genus plasmodium, this takes place in the definitive hosts which is the mosquito. It is the sexual method of reproduction


  sporogony
• Five species responsible for human malaria

  • P. vivax
  • P. Malariae
  • P. ovale
  • P. Falciparum
  • P. Knowlesi (new)
• an infection with 2 or more species with 1 genera have been encountered in 0.5-9% of infected persons

  Mixed infection
• most common combination of Mixed infection are:

  P. vivax and P. falciparum
• an infection with the same spp may cause one batch of parasite to mature 24 hourse before another thus resulting to daily febril attacks like malaria


  multiple infection