Developmental

• What type of memory is most affected in children with dyslexia?

  Short-term memory
• Working memory is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information
• Children with dyslexia often struggle to hold sounds or letters in working memory long enough to decode them.
• What is phonological memory crucial for?

  Learning new vocabulary
• Phonological memory problems are closely linked to phonological processing difficulties
• What does memory span measure in children with dyslexia?

  Ability to process sequences
• Memory span is often shorter in children with dyslexia.
• Which academic areas are most affected by memory issues in dyslexic children?

  Reading, writing, arithmetic
• Difficulties with working memory can affect executive function, which includes planning, organizing, and maintaining attention
• What type of memory is most frequently targeted in interventions for children with dyslexia?

  Verbal working memory
• Interventions that strengthen phonological skills can improve memory outcomes in children with dyslexia.
• What type of memory is primarily affected by Alzheimer's disease?

  Working and long-term declarative
• In the early stages of Alzheimer's, individuals may experience mild memory loss, such as forgetting names
• In the mid-stage of Alzheimer's, individuals may struggle with everyday tasks such as cooking and dressing.
• What ability might individuals with late-stage Alzheimer's lose?

  Recognizing family members
• Memory loss in Alzheimer's can lead to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and depression
• Match the cognitive function affected by Alzheimer's with its impact:

  Memory ↔️ Forgetting recent events

  Language ↔️ Difficulty finding words

  Reasoning ↔️ Inability to manage finances

  Judgment ↔️ Difficulty making decisions
• People with Alzheimer's may experience increased irritability or agitation as their personality changes.
• What are the specific types of memory that children with dyslexia often have difficulties with?

  Short-term, working, phonological
• Working memory is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information
• Children with dyslexia can easily hold sounds or word sequences in mind long enough to decode them correctly.

  False
• What are some tasks that working memory deficits make difficult for dyslexic children?

  Following multi-step instructions
• Dyslexia is closely linked to phonological processing difficulties, including poor phonological short-term memory
• What is essential for learning new vocabulary and reading fluency?

  Remembering spoken information
• Steps for improving memory skills in children with dyslexia

  1️⃣ Use multisensory learning

  2️⃣ Implement memory strategies

  3️⃣ Utilize computer-based programs
• Match the type of memory deficit with its consequence:

  Working memory deficits ↔️ Difficulty with multi-step instructions

  Phonological memory problems ↔️ Affects ability to remember spoken words

  Reduced memory span ↔️ Limits processing of sequences
• What types of sequences are dyslexic children often unable to process and retain?

  Spelling patterns or number sequences
• Memory issues in dyslexic children can lead to difficulties in reading comprehension, writing, and arithmetic
• Struggles with working memory can affect executive function, leading to problems with planning and organization.
• What type of memory tasks do children with dyslexia score lower on according to research?

  Verbal working memory
• Interventions that strengthen memory and phonological skills can improve outcomes
• What type of disorder is Alzheimer's disease?

  Neurodegenerative
• One of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease is short-term memory loss
• Long-term memories remain intact during the early stage of Alzheimer's disease.
• What type of memory is impaired in the middle stage of Alzheimer's disease?

  Working memory
• Episodic memory loss in the middle stage leads to confusion about dates, places, and identities
• Match the stage of Alzheimer's with its primary memory impairment:

  Early stage ↔️ Short-term memory loss

  Middle stage ↔️ Working and episodic memory decline

  Late stage ↔️ Severe global memory loss
• What does severe memory loss in the late stage of Alzheimer's often lead to?

  Dependence on others
• Executive functions like planning and judgment are affected by Alzheimer's disease.
• Name one emotional change associated with cognitive loss in Alzheimer's.

  Depression