Y9 Human Biology

• Excretion

  Removal of waste (urine, carbon dioxide, sweat)
• Skin

  Organ that excretes fluid waste (sweat)
• Urethra

  Tube that removes the urine out from the bladder when it is full
• Cirrhosis

  A disease where the liver is damaged due to excess toxic substances which are unable to be removed
• Discontinuous

  The difference in the characteristics that have distinct categories and no in-between values
• Recessive

  The trait that does not express in the characteristics or get hidden by the dominant trait
• Gene

  Section or part of DNA that determines each characteristic of our body
• Fertilization

  Fusion of sperm nucleus with ovum nucleus to form a zygote
• Puberty

  The physical changes occur in male and female when they become sexually mature
• Menstruation

  Discharge of blood from the vagina due to rupture of the uterus lining and due to no fertilization occurs
• Bladder

  A pear-shaped organ that stores urine
• Kidney Stones

  A disease where the urinary tract has been blocked due to the formation of hard substances formed in the kidneys
• DNA

  Basic unit with a double helix form that carries the genetic information from parents
• Dominant

  The trait that is always expressed when passed on to the children
• Lungs

  Organ that removes waste product (carbon dioxide) during exhalation
• Continuous

  The difference in the characteristics that have no distinct categories and no limit in the values
• Ovum

  A female sex cell with yolk that will be fused with sperm to form a zygote
• Amniotic fluid

  A fluid inside the uterus that absorbs the mechanical shock and avoids drying out
• Fetus

  Developing offspring that complete with all organs
• Development

  Increase in complexity of cells from typical cells forming specialized cells according to the need of the body
• Variation

  The differences in the characteristics of the same species (intraspecific) or between different species (interspecific)
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

  An infection of bacteria in the urinary tract
• Ureters

  Tube that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
• Chromosome

  Form of genetic information, made up from DNA
• Liver

  Organ that filters nutrients from the digestive tracts
• Heredity

  Transmission of genetic information from parents to the children or from one generation to another generation
• Sperm

  A male sex cell with a flagellum that will be fused with ovum to form a zygote
• Embryo

  A ball of cells formed after cell division of zygote
• Growth

  Permanent increase in size or getting bigger or taller
• Umbilical cord

  Vessels that carry the oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus, and carbon dioxide and urea from fetus to mother
• Nucleus

  Organelle in a cell that contains the genetic information (chromosome) of the body
• Reproduction

  Ability to make more organisms of the same species
• Urine

  Liquid containing the waste products urea, water, and mineral salts
• Kidneys

  Bean-shaped organ that filters out waste in the form of urine
• Inheritance

  Transmission of genetic information from parents to the children or from one generation to another generation
• Dehydration

  Loss of water and salts from the body more than it is replenished
• Species

  Organisms that are able to interbreed and reproduce fertile young to ensure continuity of generation
• Zygote

  A fertilized egg cell formed right after fertilization
• Placenta

  Temporary organ that separates mother’s blood and fetus’s blood, provides oxygen and nutrients for the development of the fetus in the uterus
• Adolescence

  The development from a young child into adults following the puberty