Alcohols

• Alcohols are less volatile than alkanes


  Has O-H bonds, relatively strong hydrogen bonding.

  • Overcoming force requires more energy
• Alcohols are soluble in water

  Like dissolves like

  • Water is polar; has hydrogen bonds
  • Alcohols are polar; have hydrogen bonds
• Oxidation of Primary Alcohols

  Forms aldehydes and carboxylic acids

  • Control oxidation product using different reaction conditions
• Oxidation of Secondary alcohols

  Form ketones
• Dehydration of alcohols

  Forms alkenes

  • Elimination of water
  • Acid catalyst
  • Heat
• Alcohols

  Forms Haloalkanes

  • Water substituted with halide ion
  • Acid Catalyst
• Haloalkanes

  Substitution reaction

  • Hydrolysis
  • Aqueous alkali
  • Water in the presence of AgNO3 and ethanol
• Nucleophile

  Electron pair donor