ch 25/26 urinary sys.

• infants are made up of 73% water
• male adults are made up of 60% water
• female adults are made up of 50% water
• the amount of water content depends on age, sex, body fat, and body mass
• water occupies two major fluid compartments, what are they?

  Intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments
• 2/3 of total body water are housed in ICF
• 1/3 of total body water is housed in the ECF
• cerebral spinal fluid, plasma, and interstitial fluid are all fluids within the extracellular fluid compartment
• electrolytes are chemical compounds
• nonelectrolytes are covalent bonds
• intracellular fluid refers to the fluid in your cells
• Thirst is triggered by?

  a rise in plasma osmolality
• the release of ADH is triggered by?

  a rise in osmolality
• A halt on thirst is caused by?

  a decline in osmolality
• the halt on ADH release in caused by?

  a decline in osmolality
• oliguria is a decrease in urine output
• hypotonic hydration is the over hydration of a cell
• Edema is swelling due to excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues
• hypernatremia is a high concentration of sodium in the blood, usually due to excessive water intake
• hypernatremia causes dehydration which leads to thirst, confusion, or twitching
• hyponatremia is when the sodium level in the blood is too low
• hyponatremia causes nausea, headaches, confusion, or fatigue
• renal ptosis is a condition where the kidney is pushed down into the pelvis
• hydronephrosis is the swelling of the renal pelvis due to obstruction of the ureter