New South Africa (1989-99)

• Problems Mandela faced post-release

  • Just as 1 political system was swept away, didn’t guarantee what would replace - fair + equal political system far from inevitable
  • Mandela did not condemn violence or demand sanction relief
  • De Klerk + Nationalists sought power share w/ 'white veto' option
  • ANC after universal democracy; challenging path
  • SA war-free status '80s did not guarantee same in '90s
  • Difficult to get whites to leave white supremacy behind
  • Conservative Party demanded apartheid
  • Nazi-style white racist groups threatened violence (AWB)
  • Referendum change '92; asked if white’s supported reform - did
  • ANC
  • Goal: 2 mil members by '92 unachieved
  • From small organisation based abroad to large + in SA
  • Mandela unsure he could control young, angry blacks in non-violence calls due as ANC attacked by police + Inkatha
  • NP propaganda for years: ANC Communists/terrorists
  • ANC, saw NP as men who imprisoned + murdered friends/families