Chapter 6

• Chemotroph: organisms that obtain energy from chemicals in the environment.
• Autotroph: An organism that makes its own food using energy from the sun.
• Phototroph: organisms that use light energy to make their own food.
• Heterotroph: organism that obtains energy from other organisms\
• Photoautotroph: An organism that makes its own food using light energy from the sun
• Chemoautotroph: A type of organism that can make its own food using inorganic chemicals
• Photoheterotroph: organism that obtains energy from light
• Chemoheterotroph: organisms that obtain energy from the oxidation of organic compounds
• Organotroph: organic compounds that are used as a source of carbon for organic compounds
• Lithotroph: organisms that obtain energy from inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide
• Aerobe: Organisms that require oxygen for respiration.
• Anaerobe: Organisms that cannot use oxygen for respiration.
• Obligate Anaerobe: A microorganism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
• Obligate Aerobe:
• Facultative Anaerobe: Grow better with O2 but can live without it
• Aerotolerant anaerobes: Unaffected by O2 levels
• Microaerophiles: Growth occurs in the presence of very small amounts of oxygen.
• Nitrogen Fixation: The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants
• Growth Factors: Nutrient Requirements -> Carbon and energy sources and Physical -> Temp, pH, and salinity
• Typical growth temp is 37 C
• Pyschrophile: Thrives in cold temperatures
• Psychotolerant: Able to tolerate a cold range of temperatures
• Mesophile: Thrives in moderate temperatures and moderate levels of light and oxygen
• thermophiles: thrives in hot temperatures
• Hyperthermophile: Thrives in extreme temperatures
• Neutrophiles: thrives in environments with a neutral pH
• Acidophiles: live in acidic environments, such as the stomach
• Alkalinophiles: Thrives in a alkiane environments
• Halophile: A type of bacteria that can survive in environments with high salt concentrations.
• Barophile: A microorganism that grows best at high pressure.
• Biofilms: Make pathogenic bacteria stronger. Forms on any surface.
• Quorum sensing: A process by which bacteria communicate with each other to coordinate their behavior
• Synergistic relationship: Stronger when two or more bacteria work together
• Culture(v): Act of culturing microorganisms
• Culture(n): The microorganisms that are cultivated
• Inoculum: The microorganism introduced into medium containing nutrients
• Medium: liquid media or nutrient broths containing nutrients. 
• Defined medium: A medium that contains a specific set of nutrients and other substances
• Complex medium: Unknown nutrient concentration
• Selective medium: A medium that only supports the growth of a specific type of microorganism.