Organisation

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what is the function of an arteries
carry blood away from the heart
What is the function of a capillaries
carry blood close to body cells to exchange substances.
What is a function of an veins
carry blood back to the heart
adaptions for arteries
thick muscle and elastic layers because blood pressure is high
adaption for capillaries
thin, permeable walls to allow substances to diffuse in and out easily.
adaption for veins
valves inside stop blood flowing backwards.
thinner walls than arteries because blood pressure is lower.
equation for rate of blood flow
rate of blood flow = volume of blood / time taken
function of red blood cells
carry oxygen around the body.
function of white blood cells
defend against infection.
function of platelets
help blood to clot at a wound.
function of plasma
carries everything in the blood.
description of red blood cells
no nucleus so more room for oxygen
contains haemoglobin which bind with oxygen.
biconcave shape = big surface area = lots of oxygen absorbed.
description of white blood cells
nucleus - phagocytosis - antitoxins - antibodies.
description of platelets
fragment of cells
description of a plasma
liquid
what is blood
tissue
what is cardiovascular diseases
diseases of the heart or blood vessels e.g. coronary heart disease.
what happens to a coronary artery if someone has coronary heart disease?
fatty deposit
blood flow is restricted so there's a lack of oxygen to the heart muscle.
5 treatment for cardiovascular disease
statins
stent
heart transplant
artificial heart
replacement heart valves
advantages of stent
reduce the amount of LDL cholesterol in the blood, which slows down the formation of fatty deposits.
disadvantages of statins
need to be taken long-term
can have negative side effects.
advantages of stents
keeps coronary arteries open for a long time
recovery time from surgery is pretty quick
advantages of heart transplant
can treat heart failure
donor hearts work better than artificial ones.
advantages of artificial heart
can be used while waiting for a donor heart of while the heart is healing.
advantages for replacement heart valves
can treat serve valve damage ( e.g. stiff valves that don't open properly or leaky valves).
what do faulty heart valves do?
stop blood circulating effectively>
disadvantages of stent, heart transplant, artificial heart, replacement heart valves.
surgery can cause bleeding and infection
donor hearts or valves can be rejected by the immune system
artificial devices can lead to thromonbois.
what is thrombosis
blood clots in the blood vessels.