Protist and Plants

• meristem tissue: unspecialized cells capable of dividing

  • cells are small and cubodial, with a large nucleus and thin cell walls
  • function: growth and repair
  • new cells are provided by meristem tissue
• dermal tissue: the outer surface tissue of plants

  • one or more layers of flattish cells, with large nucleus and usually no chloroplasts
  • guard cells form openings called stomata (stoma)
  • protection from injury and dehydration
  • exchange of materials with the environment
• ground tissue: there are several types with a variety of functions

  • function: photosynthesis, food storage, and mechanical support
• vascular tissue: transport of substances in the plant
• two types of vascular tissue:

  • phloem: transport sugar in the plant
  • xylem: transport water and mineral upwards from the roots
• two types of phloem:

  • sieve-tube members: at maturity cells loose their nuclei and most organelles
  • companion cells: maintain sieve-tube members
• two types of xylem:

  • vessel elements and tracheids both have the same function
  • at maturity cells die, leaving a tube of cell walls
• root:

  • absorbs water and minerals
  • anchors the plant
  • sometimes stores food
• stem:

  • holds leaves up
  • transport between leaves and roots
  • sometimes photosynthesis
  • sometimes stores food
• leaf:

  • photosynthesis
  • sometimes protection
• flower:

  • reproduction
• monocot:

  • one cotyledon
  • parallel veins
  • petals in multiples of 3's
• dicot (eudicot):

  • two cotyledons
  • netted or branched veins
  • petals in multiples of 4's and 5's
• the root tip can be divided into three zones:

  • a zone of cell division
  • a zone of elongation
  • a zone of maturation
• What is a plant embryo with food, in a protective case?

  Seed
• What are the two basic types of vascular tissue?

  Xylem and phloem
• What is the defining difference between a monocot and a dicot?

  Monocot has a single cotyledon and a dicot has two cotyledons.
• What are the four basic parts of a complete flower?

  Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels (pistil)
• Angiosperms: flowering vascular seed plants
• Germination: the process by which a plant grows from a seed into a seedling
• stems are either herbaceous or woody
• a leaf is made up of a flat part called the blade on a stalk called the petiole
• Which of the basic tissues is absent in leaves?

  Meristem tissue
• Which tissues have chloroplasts in leaves?

  Ground tissue