Holderness

• What is one of the highest rates of coastal erosion in Europe?

  Holderness coast in Northeast England
• What are coastal management schemes used for?

  To protect areas from erosion
• What is causing the cliffs to collapse along the Holderness coast?

  Erosion
• What material are the cliffs made from along the Holderness coast?

  Soft, easily eroded boulder clay
• How do prevailing winds affect erosion along the coast?

  They move eroded material south along the coast
• How much land is lost to the sea every year in some places along the Holderness coast?

  About 1.8 m
• What has been the erosion rate at Great Cowden?

  Over 10 m per year
• What types of areas are threatened by erosion along the Holderness coast?

  Farms, businesses, and homes
• How much of the Holderness coastline is managed using hard engineering strategies?

  Over 11 km
• What are the two types of hard engineering strategies used in coastal management at Mappleton?

  1. Placing rock armour along the base of cliffs
  2. Building two rock groynes to trap sand
• What is the purpose of placing rock armour along the cliffs?

  To absorb wave power
• What is the purpose of building rock groynes?

  To trap sand and reduce erosion
• What infrastructure links many towns and businesses along the coast?

  The B1242 road
• What percentage of the UK's gas supplies does the gas terminal at Easington supply?

  25%
• Why is the gas terminal at Easington significant?

  It supplies a large portion of the UK's gas
• What protects parts of the Holderness coast?

  Rock armour and groynes
• What was the cost to protect the coastline around Mappleton in 1991?

  £2 million
• How much rock was used to protect the coastline around Mappleton?

  Over 61,000 tonnes
• What are the two types of hard engineering strategies used in coastal management at Mappleton?

  1. Placing rock armour along the base of cliffs
  2. Building two rock groynes to trap sand
• What is the impact of placing rock armour and groynes on the coastal environment?

  It can disrupt natural sediment flow
• What is the role of the sea wall in coastal management?

  To protect against wave action
• What is the main goal of coastal management strategies?

  To prevent coastal erosion
• How do coastal management strategies impact local communities?

  They can protect homes and businesses
• What is a potential downside of hard engineering coastal management?

  It can be expensive and disruptive
• What is one of the main challenges of coastal management?

  Balancing protection and environmental impact
• How does erosion affect the local economy?

  It can damage properties and businesses
• What is the significance of the Holderness coast in terms of coastal management?

  It is a case study for erosion and management
• What is the primary material used in rock armour?

  Granite
• Why is it important to manage coastal erosion?

  To protect infrastructure and ecosystems
• What are the long-term effects of coastal erosion on communities?

  Loss of land and increased vulnerability
• How do coastal management strategies adapt to changing conditions?

  By incorporating new technologies and methods
• What is the role of community involvement in coastal management?

  To ensure local needs are met
• What is the importance of monitoring coastal changes?

  To assess the effectiveness of management strategies
• How can climate change impact coastal erosion?

  By increasing sea levels and storm intensity
• What is the significance of stakeholder engagement in coastal management?

  To incorporate diverse perspectives and needs
• What is one of the main goals of coastal management?

  To protect coastal communities
• How does coastal management contribute to sustainability?

  By balancing development and conservation
• What are the potential consequences of ineffective coastal management?

  Increased erosion and loss of land
• Why is it important to educate communities about coastal management?

  To foster awareness and participation
• What is the role of government in coastal management?

  To create policies and regulations