Theories of learning

• Law of effect


  Following a response with a salient stimulus
• A rat was placed in a box by Skinner, when car hit a His Rood was released. The car learnt that the lever meant food
• Law of readiness

  Performer must be able to complete
• Principles of learning

  • Practice
  • Feedback
  • Distributed practice
  • Massed practice
• Punishment

  The effect of decreasing the frequency of behavior by using consequences that are unpleasant when they happen
• If told it was unsuccessful, won't happen again
• If desired response occurs, reinforcement is necessary
• Massed practice

  Continuous, intensive sessions are better for simple skills that are less cognitively demanding
• Feedback

  Information about the performance can help improve future performances
• Negative reinforcement

  The effect of increasing the frequency of a behavior by removing something unpleasant for desired behavior
• Skinner 1964 identified that conditioning was more effective through manipulation of behavior towards a stimulus
• Giving unpleasant for undesired behavior
• A tennis player has only been taught a stimulus
• Positive reinforcement

  The effect of increasing the frequency of behavior by rewarding it
• Thandines Laws:
• Practice

  Skills become embedded into long-term memory through repeated and consistent practice
• Distributed practice

  Short, frequent practices with rest intervals are more effective when learning complex skills
• Law of exercise

  Repetition or rehearsal of the S-R connections is more likely to strengthen them