Topic 5 Issues and Impacts

• What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

  Computer systems performing tasks requiring human intelligence
• What is machine learning?

  Subset of AI where algorithms learn from data and get progressively better as they learn
• How do machine learning algorithms improve?

  By looking for rules and patterns in data
• What is narrow AI?

  AI designed for a single or limited task
• What is algorithmic bias?

  Prejudiced decisions due to biased training data
• What causes algorithmic bias?

  Biased datasets and design flaws in algorithms
• Who is accountable when AI fails?

  Creator, data supplier, and user of the algorithm
• What does copyright protect?

  Expression of an idea, not the idea itself
• How long does copyright last?

  70 years after the death of the holder
• What do patents protect?

  New inventions and how they work
• How long does a patent last?

  20 years from the application date
• What is a software license?

  Contract specifying how software can be used
• What are trademarks?

  Unique logos, straplines, and words registered
• What does ® signify?

  Trademark is officially registered
• What is open source software?

  Software allowing use, modification, and sharing
• What is proprietary software?

  Software owned by an individual or company
• What is malware?

  Malicious software used by hackers
• What is a virus in computing?

  Software that inserts itself into other programs
• What is a Trojan?

  Malicious software masquerading as legitimate software
• What is a keylogger?

  Records keystrokes to extract information
• What is a Denial of Service attack?

  Floods a network with traffic to crash it
• What is a security hole?

  Fault making it easier for hackers to attack
• What is unpatched software?

  Software with known security flaws not fixed
• What is out-of-date anti-malware?

  Anti-malware lacking recent malware signatures
• What are default admin passwords?

  Factory set passwords for devices
• What is phishing?

  Bulk emails from seemingly reputable sources
• What is pretexting?

  Contacting victims with a fabricated emergency
• What is baiting?

  Offering free giveaways bundled with malware
• What is quid pro quo?

  Exchanging login details for services
• What is shoulder surfing?

  Watching someone enter sensitive information
• What is a firewall?

  Uses rules to control network traffic
• What does anti-malware do?

  Scans for known malware signatures
• What is encryption?

  Scrambles data to protect confidentiality
• What is RAID?

  Replicates hard disk contents for redundancy
• What is an acceptable use policy?

  Rules users must follow for system use
• What are the environmental issues in manufacturing?

  Use of non-renewable and toxic materials
• What is e-waste?

  Electronic waste produced and poorly recycled
• What are the consequences of a short replacement cycle?

  Increased demand for new devices and waste
• What is planned obsolescence?

  Producing goods that quickly become obsolete
• What are ways to reduce energy consumption?

  Adjust settings and disconnect unused devices