SAC 2 Part B

• what is Direct Coaching?


  "traditional" direct coaching is a rigid approach to coaching that provides feedback on every practice attempt.

  (Literally DIRECT coaching)
• what is Explicit Learning?


  explicit leaning that takes place as a result or direct instruction, where the performer is told what to do and when to do it.
• give 3 advantages of Direct Approach to instructions 


  1. easy to understand
  2. easy to implement
  3. provides more information and detail
• give 3 disadvantages of Direct Approach to instructions 


  1. May lack context or background.
  2. they may come across as abrupt or intensive, potentially affecting relationships.
  3. may not consider the individuals learning styles or preferences, leading to ineffective communication.
• what is a Constraints-Based Approach to coaching?


  Constraints are "boundaries" that influence a learner's decision-making, the way they process information and how they move, ultimately shaping their learning and performance.
• What are the 3 categories of Constraints?


  1. Task
  2. Individual
  3. Environmental
• examples of Task Constraints 


  • rules of the sport
  • equipment available
  • playing area
  • team/player numbers
• examples of Individual constraints


  • body size
  • fitness level
  • decision - making skills
  • mental skills (attention, confidence, resilience)
• examples of Environment Constraints 


  • weather conditions
  • Playing surface (grass, indoor courts)
  • social/cultural - cultural norms, family support
• what is Task Constraints?


  Limitations or requirements that affect how a task is performed.
• what is Individual Constraints?

  Limitations, restrictions.
• what is Enviromental Constraints?


  Limitations on activities imposed by the natural environment.
• what are the 3 stages of learning?


  1. the cognitive stage
  2. the associative stage
  3. the autonomous stage
• explain what the cognitive stage is


  (Beginner) individuals in this stage are trying to figure out what skills they actually need to perform. they will genuinely ask a lot of questions, and their performance will be inconsistent and at a lower level. in this stage, individuals often show rapid improvement.

  they need to be given simple instructions, plenty of visual demonstration and consistent positive feedback.
• explain what the associative stage is


  (intermediate) individuals refine their technique and becomes more consistent. generally, this stage will involve a lot of practice - often hundreds of hours, if not more. the individual is often able to detect their own errors and potentially eliminate them. the performance improvement is more gradual.

  they need regular feedback and practice opportunities, and practise should become more unpredictable and varied
• explain what the autonomous stage is 


  (advance) Individuals can perform the skill required automatically, meaning they can focus on other things.

  e.g an elite fast bowler in cricket doesn't have to focus on their run-up and action, so they can be focused on where they want to deliver the ball and/or the batsman. performance at a high level and very consistent, and individuals can recognise and correct their own errors.

  Autonomous stage needs to practise in game-like conditions, which are often highly varied and often focus on tactics and psychological skill training.
• examples of sociocultural factors

  • family dynamics
  • role models
  • resources available
  • personality
  • self-belief
  • education lebel
  • religion
  • housing
  • climate
• what is Intrinsic feedback?


  Feedback is provided by the individual's own body or senses during the performance of a task.

  (6th sense)
• what is Augmented feedback?


  feed back from an external source

  (the coach yelling from the sidelines, telling them what to do)
• Define ‘Feedback‘

  Feedback is the information a performer receives about their performance of a Skill. it can be given prior to, during, or after performance.
• diminishing returns


  as the level of skill performance increases, the relative rate of skill learning diminishes. (stays the same or slowly going up)
• what is the 'timing of feedback'?


  refers to when the coach gives feedback relative to the skill performance.
• what is 'concurrent feedback'?

  feed back during the performance.
• what is 'terminal feedback'?


  terminal is feeback after the game