STS (ancient civilization)

• Civilization


  The level of development at which people live together peacefully in communities
• Ancient civilization


  Refers specifically to the first settled and stable communities that became the basis for later states, nations, and empires
• The study of ancient civilization is concerned with the earliest segments of the much broader subject called ancient history
• Ancient civilizations provide insight into why and how history has unfolded and become as it is
• The Maya are an indigenous people who have continuously inhabited the lands comprising modern-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Honduras
• Mesoamerica or Abya Yala is a region and culture area in the Americas, extending approximately from central Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Mexico to Belize, El Salvador, and Costa Rica, within which several pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 16th and 17th centuries
• Ancient civilizations are important as they help people have a better understanding of the world and improve their understanding of history and the people who live in it
• The Temple of the Inscriptions is the largest stepped pyramid structure at the pre-Maya civilization site of Palenque, located in the modern-day state of Chiapas, Mexico
• The Maya civilization devised its own calendar system which became the inspiration for the movie 2012
• The first recorded zero appeared in Mesopotamia around 3 B.C. The Mayans invented it independently circa 4 A.D.
• The pyramids characterize the great mountain of the gods known as the Witzob, which many Mayan sites are replicas of
• Sumer, located in Mesopotamia, is the first known complex civilization, developing the first city-states in the 4th millennium BCE
• The history span of ancient civilizations began with the invention of writing about 3100 BC and lasted for more than 35 centuries
• The Inca civilization flourished in ancient Peru between 1400 and 1533 CE, and their empire eventually extended across western South America, making it the largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in the world at that time
• The cuneiform script, created in Mesopotamia, present-day Iraq in 3200 BC, is the only writing system which can be traced to its earliest prehistoric origin
• The Ancient Inca civilization flourished extensively down to the Andean mountains and founded Machu Picchu, considered one of the Seven Wonders of the New World
• Undaunted by the often-harsh Andean environment, the Incas conquered people and exploited landscapes in diverse settings such as plains, mountains, deserts, and tropical jungle
• The Inca civilization flourished in ancient Peru between 1400 and 1533 CE
• The Inca empire eventually extended across western South America, making it the largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in the world at that time
• Cuneiform script was a system of counting and recording goods with clay tokens
• Some Aztec codices have reached our days, such as the Codex Bourbon, a book-calendar with destinies and festivities of the months
• The Aztec Empire flourished between circa 1345 and 1521 CE, covering most of northern Mesoamerica at its greatest extent
• Main crops in Aztec economy

  • Corn
  • Tobacco
  • Chilies
  • Fruit
  • Maguey
• The Aztecs spoke a language called Nahuatl and their writing mixed pictograms, ideograms, and phonetic signs reflecting their history, geography, economy, and religion
• The Aztec civilization was highly accomplished in agriculture and trade, noted for its art and architecture
• Asia is the biggest continent in the world and the home of many ancient civilizations, hosting cultural, economic, scientific, and political activities
• The history of India begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization, known as the Harappan Civilization, around 2,500 BC in the western part of South Asia
• In the field of science, technology, and mathematics, great civilizations in Asia stood out: India, China, and the Middle East
• The Indus Valley Civilization was highly developed, with ruins of cities like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa showing a flourishing civilization with advanced buildings, household articles, weapons, ornaments, pottery, and more
• Ayurveda is attributed to the physician Dhanvantari in Hindu mythology, with its earliest concepts set out in the Vedas known as the A
• Aztec warriors were able to dominate their neighboring states and permit rulers to impose Aztec ideals and religion across Mexico
• The ancient Indian civilization conceptualized the holistic medication approach called Ayurveda, with origins traced back to around 6,000 BCE and some concepts existing since the times of the Indus Valley Civilization
• The period of Vedic medicine lasted until about

  800 BCE
• Some of the concepts of Ayurveda have existed since the times of Indus Valley Civilization
• The earliest concepts of Ayurveda were set out in the portion of the Vedas known as the Atharvaveda
• Ancient China is one of the oldest and longest-lasting civilizations in the history of the world
• The history of Ancient China can be traced back over 4,000 years
• The term algebra was first coined by the ancient civilization of India
• China is the most populous country in the world
• Ayurveda is attributed to Dhanvantari, the physician to the Gods in Hindu mythology, who received it from Brahma